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PTHH: \(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
\(2NaOH+CuSO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+Cu\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)
\(Cu\left(OH\right)_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}CuO+H_2O\)
a) Ta có: \(n_{NaOH}=2n_{Na_2O}=2\cdot\dfrac{6,2}{62}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot40}{193,8+6,2}\cdot100\%=4\%\)
b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaOH}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{200\cdot16\%}{160}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,2}{1}\) \(\Rightarrow\) CuSO4 còn dư, NaOH p/ứ hết
\(\Rightarrow n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=n_{CuO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,1\cdot80=8\left(g\right)\)
c) PTHH: \(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{CuO}=0,2\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,2}{2}=0,1\left(l\right)=100\left(ml\right)\)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{V}{22,4}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{m_{dd}.C\%}{M}=\dfrac{200.16\%}{40}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
Có: \(\dfrac{n_{NaOH}}{n_{CO_2}}=4\)
=> Phản ứng tạo muối Na2CO3
PT:
\(CO_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+H_2O\)
0,2. 0,4 0,2
=> dd sau phản ứng có những chất tan là:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Na_2CO_3:0,2\left(mol\right)\\NaOH:0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
mdd spu=0,2.44+200=208,8(g)
\(\%m_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,4.40}{208,8}.100\%=7,66\%\\\%m_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{0,2.106}{208,8}.100\%=10,15\% \)
Câu 1:
nAl= 0,1(mol)
PTHH: 2Al + 6 HCl -> 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2
nAlCl3= nAl=0,1(mol)
-> mAlCl3= 133,5 x 0,1= 13,35(g)
mddAlCl3= mAl + mddHCl - mH2 = 2,7 + 200 - 3/2 x 0,1 x 2= 202,4(g)
C%ddAlCl3= (13,35/202,4).100= 6,596%
\(m_{NaOH\left(A\right)}=20.5\%=1\left(g\right)\)
Trong B:
gọi x là khối lượng Na2O thêm vào , x>0 (g)
\(10\%=\dfrac{\dfrac{80}{62}x+1}{x+20}\)
\(\rightarrow x=0,84\left(g\right)\)
Vậy khối Na2O thêm vào dd A là 0,84 (g)
b, \(m_{KOH\left(A\right)}=2\%.20=0,4\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{KOH\left(B\right)}=\dfrac{0,4}{20+0,84}.100\%=1,92\%\)
\(n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{12,4}{62}=0,2mol\)
\(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
0,2 \(\rightarrow\) 0,2 \(\rightarrow\) 0,4
\(C_{M_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,4}{\dfrac{500}{1000}}=0,8M\)
Chọn A
n N a 2 O = m N a 2 O M N a 2 O = 6,2 62 = 0,1 m o l
a) \(m_{HCl}=200.10,95\%=21,9\left(g\right)\)
b) \(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
x_______2x________x____x(mol)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200.10,95\%}{36,5}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
Dung dịch A phải có HCl dư mới có thể trung hòa được NaOH.
\(n_{NaOH}=0,05.2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
y________y______y(mol)
Ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+y=0,6\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,25\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a=m_{CaCO_3}=100x=100.0,25=25\left(g\right)\\ V=V_{CO_2\left(đktc\right)}=22,4x=22,4.0,25=5,6\left(l\right)\)
c)
\(m_{ddA}=25+200-0,25.44=214\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddCaCl_2}=\dfrac{0,25.111}{214}.100\approx12,967\%\\ C\%_{ddHCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,1.36,5}{214}.100\approx1,706\%\)
Dd B chứa NaOH.
PT: \(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{NaCl}=\dfrac{4,68}{58,5}=0,08\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{NaOH\left(80\left(g\right)dd\right)}=n_{NaCl}=0,08\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH\left(200\left(g\right)dd\right)}=\dfrac{0,08.200}{80}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\)
\(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}23n_{Na}+62n_{Na_2O}=5,4\\n_{Na}+2n_{Na_2O}=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Na}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Na_2O}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Na}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: m dd B = mA + mH2O - mH2
⇒ 200 = 5,4 + mH2O - 0,05.2
⇒ mH2O = 194,7 (g)
\(m_{Ct\left(NaOH\right)}=200\cdot2\%=4g\)
=>\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{4}{40}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
0,05 0,1
\(m_{Na_2O}=0.05\cdot\left(23\cdot2+16\right)=3.1\left(g\right)\)