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Dung dịch X gồm :
$Mg^{2+} : 0,1$
$H^+ : 0,2$
$SO_4^{2-} : 0,075$
$NO_3^- : 0,25$
Dung dịch Y gồm :
$K^+ : 0,15$
$NH_4^+ : 0,25$
$CO_3^{2-} : 0,15$
$Cl^- : 0,1$
1) Ta coi H2SO4 điện li mạnh hai nấc.
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,03\) mol; \(n_{HCl}=0,16\) mol
\(H_2SO_4\rightarrow2H^++SO_4^-\)
0,03 -----> 0,06 ---> 0,03
\(HCl\rightarrow H^++Cl^-\)
0,16 --> 0,16 --> 0,16
\(\Rightarrow n_{H^+}=2n_{H_2SO_4}+n_{HCl}=2.0,03+0,16=0,22\) mol
+ \(\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0,22}{1+4}=0,044\) mol/lít
\(\Rightarrow pH=-lg\left[H^+\right]=-lg0,044=1,36\)
+ \(\left[SO_4^-\right]=\dfrac{0,03}{1+4}=6.10^{-3}\) mol/lít
+ \(\left[Cl^-\right]=\dfrac{0,16}{1+4}=0,032\) mol/lít
2) + \(n_{OH^-}=n_{NaOH}+2n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,12\) mol
\(\Rightarrow\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0,12}{5}=0,024\) mol/lít
\(\Rightarrow pOH=-lg\left[OH^-\right]=1,62\)
\(\Rightarrow pH=14-pOH=12,38\)
+ \(n_{Na^+}=n_{NaOH}=0,06\) mol
\(\Rightarrow\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{0,06}{5}=0,012\) mol/lít
+ \(n_{Ba^{2+}}=n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,03\) mol
\(\Rightarrow\left[Ba^{2+}\right]=\dfrac{0,03}{5}=0,006\) mol/lít
\(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,3.0,1=0,03\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=0,2.0,15=0,03\left(mol\right)\\ Ba\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow BaCl_2+2H_2O\\ Vì:\dfrac{n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2\left(đề\right)}}{n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2\left(PTHH\right)}}=\dfrac{0,03}{1}>\dfrac{n_{HCl\left(đề\right)}}{n_{HCl\left(PTHH\right)}}=\dfrac{0,03}{2}\\ \Rightarrow Ba\left(OH\right)_2dư\\ n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2\left(p.ứ\right)}=\dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2}=\dfrac{0,03}{2}=0,015\\ n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2\left(dư\right)}=0,03-0,015=0,015\left(mol\right)\\ \left[OH^-\right]=2.\left[Ba\left(OH\right)_2\left(dư\right)\right]=\dfrac{0,015}{0,3+0,2}=0,03\left(M\right)\\ \Rightarrow pH=14+log\left[OH^-\right]=14+log\left[0,03\right]\approx12,477\)
Nồng độ mol/lít các ion trong dd A:
\(\left[OH^-\left(dư\right)\right]=0,06\left(M\right)\left(nt\right)\\\left[Cl^-\right]=2.\left[BaCl_2\right]=2.\left(\dfrac{0,015}{0,5}\right)=0,06\left(M\right)\\ \left[Ba^{2+}\right]=0,03+ 0,03=0,06\left(M\right)\)
a) Sửa đề: dd HCl 0,1 M
\(pH=-log\left[H^+\right]=-log\left[0,1\right]=1\)
b) Ta có: \(\left[H^+\right]=0,025\cdot2=0,05\left(M\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow pH=-log\left[H^+\right]\approx1,3\)
c) Ta có: \(pH=14+log\left[OH^-\right]=14+log\left(0,1\right)=13\)
d) \(pH=14+log\left[OH^-\right]=14+log\left(0,04\cdot2\right)\approx12,9\)
\(1,n_{H^+}=n_{Cl^-}=n_{HCl}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\2,n_{Ba^{2+}}=n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ n_{OH^-}=2.0,25=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ 3,n_{H^+}=0,1.2=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{SO_4^{2-}}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Na^+}=n_{OH^-}=n_{NaOH}=0,15\left(mol\right) \)