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2KMnO4-to>K2MnO4+MnO2+O2
0,3-----------------0,15-----0,15------0,15 mol
n KMnO4=\(\dfrac{47,4}{158}\)=0,3 mol
=>mcr=0,15.197.0,15.87=42,6g
=>VO2=0,15.22,4=3,36l
b) 4P+5O2-to>2P2O5
0,1--------------0,05
nP=\(\dfrac{3,1}{31}\)=0,1 mol
->O2 dư
=>m P2O5=0,05.142=7,1g
mKMnO4 = 47,4/158 = 0,3 (mol)
PTHH: 2KMnO4 -> (t°) K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
Mol: 0,3 ---> 0,15 ---> 0,15 ---> 0,15
m = 0,15 . 197 + 0,15 . 87 = 85,2 (g)
V = VO2 = 0,15 . 22,4 = 3,36 (l)
nP = 3,1/31 = 0,1 (mol)
PTHH: 4P + 5O2 -> (t°) 2P2O5
LTL: 0,1/4 < 0,15/5 => O2 dư
nP2O5 = 0,1/2 = 0,05 (mol)
mP2O5 = 0,05 . 142 = 7,1 (g)
a, Theo giả thiết ta có: \(n_P=\dfrac{3,1}{31}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(4P+5O_2--t^o->2P_2O_5\)
Ta có: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{5}{4}.n_P=0,125\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,125.22,4=2,8\left(l\right)\)
b, Theo giả thiết ta có: \(n_{CH_4}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(CH_4+2O_2--t^o->CO_2+2H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{O_2}=2.n_{CH_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=2,24\left(l\right)\)
Bài 1:
a) 2CuFeS2 + \(\dfrac{13}{2}\)O2 --to--> 2CuO + Fe2O3 + 4SO2
b) \(n_{CuFeS_2}=\dfrac{3,68}{184}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1,68}{22,4}=0,075\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,02}{2}< \dfrac{0,075}{\dfrac{13}{2}}\) => CuFeS2 hết, O2 dư
PTHH: 2CuFeS2 + \(\dfrac{13}{2}\)O2 --to--> 2CuO + Fe2O3 + 4SO2
0,02----->0,065------->0,02---->0,01---->0,04
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,075-0,065=0,01\left(mol\right)\\n_{SO_2}=0,04\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%V_{O_2}=\dfrac{0,01}{0,01+0,04}.100\%=20\%\\\%V_{SO_2}=\dfrac{0,04}{0,01+0,04}.100\%=80\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
- \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CuO}=0,02.80=1,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe_2O_3}=0,01.160=1,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> mrắn = 1,6 + 1,6 = 3,2 (g)
Bài 2:
a)
2CuS + 3O2 --to--> 2CuO + 2SO2
4FeS + 7O2 --to--> 2Fe2O3 + 4SO2
b) Gọi số mol CuS, FeS là a, b (mol)
=> 96a + 88b = 22,8 (1)
\(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
=> a + b = 0,25 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,1; b = 0,15
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,075\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CuO}=\dfrac{0,1.80}{0,1.80+0,075.160}.100\%=40\%\\\%m_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{0,075.160}{0,1.80+0,075.160}.100\%=60\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Cl_2}=a\left(mol\right),n_{O_2}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{hh}=a+b=0.25\left(mol\right)\left(1\right)\)
BTKL :
\(m_{khí}=23-7.2=15.8\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow71a+32b=15.8\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.2,b=0.05\)
\(2M+nCl_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}2MCl_n\)
\(4M+nO_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}2M_2O_n\)
\(n_M=\dfrac{0.4}{n}+\dfrac{0.2}{n}=\dfrac{0.6}{n}\left(mol\right)\)
\(M_M=\dfrac{7.2}{\dfrac{0.6}{n}}=12n\)
\(n=2\Rightarrow M=24\)
\(M:Mg\)
Gọi $n_{Cl_2} = a ; n_{O_2} = b \Rightarrow a + b = 0,25(1)$
Bảo toàn khối lượng :
$7,2 + 71a + 32b = 23(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,2 ; b = 0,05
Gọi n là hóa trị M
$2M + nCl_2 \to 2MCl_n$
$4M + nO_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2M_2O_n$
Theo PTHH :
$n_M = \dfrac{2}{n}n_{Cl_2} + \dfrac{4}{n}n_{O_2} = \dfrac{0,6}{n}$
$\Rightarrow \dfrac{0,6}{n}.M = 7,2$
$\Rightarrow M = 12n$
Với n = 2 thì $M = 24(Magie)$
a) \(4Al+3O_2-^{t^o}\rightarrow2Al_2O_3\)
Bảo toàn khối lượng : \(m_{O_2}=12,24-8,1=4,14\left(g\right)\)
=>\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{207}{1600}\left(mol\right)\)
Vì O2 chiếm 20% thể tích không khí
\(V_{kk}=\dfrac{\dfrac{207}{1600}.22,4}{20\%}=14,49\left(lít\right)\)
b) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{8,1}{27}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Lập tỉ lệ : \(\dfrac{0,3}{4}>\dfrac{\dfrac{207}{1600}}{3}\)
=> Sau phản ứng Al dư
\(n_{Al\left(pứ\right)}=\dfrac{207}{1600}.\dfrac{4}{3}=0,1725\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(H=\dfrac{0,1725}{0,3}.100=57,5\%\)
c) D gồm Al2O3 và Al dư
\(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{O_2}=\dfrac{69}{800}\left(mol\right);n_{Al\left(dư\right)}=0,3-0,1725=0,1275\left(mol\right)\)
\(Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(\Sigma n_{HCl}=\dfrac{69}{800}.6+0,1275.3=0,9\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{HCl}=0,9.36,5=32,85\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{6,8}{56}=0,12mol\)
3Fe + 2O2 \(\underrightarrow{t^o}\) Fe3O4
0,12 0,08 0,04 ( mol )
a, \(V_{O_2}=0,08.22,4=1,792l\)
b, mFe3O4 = 0,04.232 = 9,28g
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{6,8}{56}=\dfrac{17}{140}(mol)\\ PTHH:3Fe+2O_2\xrightarrow{t^o}Fe_3O_4\\ a,n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{17}{210}(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{O_2}=\dfrac{17}{210}.22,4=1,81(g)\\ b,n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{17}{420}(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{17}{420}.232=9,39(g)\)
a)
$2Mg + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2MgO$
$4Al + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Al_2O_3$
$2Zn + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2ZnO$
b)
Bảo toàn khối lượng :
$m_{O_2\ pư} = 8,4 - 5,2 = 3,2(gam)$
$n_{O_2\ pư} = \dfrac{3,2}{32} = 0,1(mol)$
$V_{O_2\ pư} = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24(lít)$
a) Theo định luật bảo toàn khối lượng ta có:
\(m_{Mg}+m_{O_2}=m_{MgO}\)
\(2,4g+m_{O_2}=3,68\)
\(m_{o_2}=1,28\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{m}{m}=\dfrac{1,28}{32}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{O_2}=n.22,4=0,04.22,4=0,896\left(l\right)\)
b)\(M_{MgO}=24+16=40\left(g/mol\right)\)
Trong 1 mol MgO có
1 mol Mg
1 mol O
\(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{m_{Mg}}{M_{MgO}}.100\%=\dfrac{24.1}{40}.100\%=60\%\)
\(\%m_O=\dfrac{mO}{M_{MgO}}.100\%=\dfrac{16.1}{40}.100\%=40\%\)