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\(a^2+4b^2=23ab\Rightarrow a^2+4ab+4b^2=27ab\Rightarrow\left(a+2b\right)^2=27ab\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+2b\right)^2}{9}=3ab\)\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a+2b}{3}\right)^2=3ab\)
Lấy logarit cơ số c hai vế:
\(log_c\left(\dfrac{a+2b}{3}\right)^2=log_c\left(3ab\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2log_c\dfrac{a+2b}{3}=log_c3+log_ca+log_cb\)
\(\Rightarrow log_c\dfrac{a+2b}{3}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(log_ca+log_cb+log_c3\right)\)
Bài 1:
\(A=\log_380=\log_3(2^4.5)=\log_3(2^4)+\log_3(5)\)
\(=4\log_32+\log_35=4a+b\)
\(B=\log_3(37,5)=\log_3(2^{-1}.75)=\log_3(2^{-1}.3.5^2)\)
\(=\log_3(2^{-1})+\log_33+\log_3(5^2)=-\log_32+1+2\log_35\)
\(=-a+1+2b\)
Bài 2:
\(\log_{30}8=\frac{\log 8}{\log 30}=\frac{\log (2^3)}{\log (10.3)}=\frac{3\log2}{\log 10+\log 3}\)
\(=\frac{3\log (\frac{10}{5})}{1+\log 3}=\frac{3(\log 10-\log 5)}{1+\log 3}=\frac{3(1-b)}{1+a}\)
Lời giải:
Đặt \(\log_9a=\log_{12}b=\log_{16}(a+b)=t\)
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} a=9^t\\ b=12^t\\ a+b=16^t\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow 9^t+12^t=16^t\)
Chia 2 vế cho \(12^t\) ta có:
\(\left(\frac{9}{12}\right)^t+1=\left(\frac{16}{12}\right)^t\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \left(\frac{3}{4}\right)^t+1=\left(\frac{4}{3}\right)^t\) (1)
Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\left(\frac{9}{12}\right)^t=\left(\frac{3}{4}\right)^t=k\). Thay vào (1):
\(k+1=\frac{1}{k}\Leftrightarrow k^2+k-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a}{b}=k=\frac{-1+ \sqrt{5}}{2}\) (do \(k>0\) nên loại TH \(k=\frac{-1-\sqrt{5}}{2}\) )
Thấy \(\frac{-1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\in (0;\frac{2}{3})\) nên chọn đáp án b
Lời giải:
Ta có \(\left\{\begin{matrix} \log_ab=\frac{b}{4}\\ \log_2a=\frac{16}{b}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow 4=\log_2a.\log_ab=\log_2b\)
\(\Rightarrow b=16\).
\(\log_2a=\frac{16}{b}=1\Rightarrow a=2\)
Do đó \(a+b=18\). Đáp án D.
Lời giải:
Đặt \(\log_ab=x\Rightarrow \log_ba=\frac{1}{x}\)
a)
\(A=(x+\frac{1}{x}+2)(x-\frac{1}{x}).\frac{1}{x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=(1+\frac{1}{x^2}+2x)(x-\frac{1}{x})=\left(1+\frac{1}{x}\right)^2(x-\frac{1}{x})\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=(1+\log_ba)^2(\log_ab-\log_ba)\)
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b) Điều kiện: \(x>0\)
Có \(1=\log_{ab}b.\log_b(ab)=\log_{ab}b(\log_ba+\log_bb)=\log_{ab}b(\frac{1}{x}+1)\)
\(\Rightarrow \log_{ab}b=\frac{x}{x+1}\)
Như vậy:
\(B=\sqrt{x+\frac{1}{x}+2}(x-\frac{x}{x+1})\sqrt{x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B=\sqrt{x^2+1+2x}(x-\frac{x}{x+1})=|x+1|.\frac{x^2}{x+1}\)
\(=(x+1)\frac{x^2}{x+1}=x^2=\log_a^2b\) (do \(x>0)\)
\(=\left(log_{a^{-1}}a^2\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{1}{2}log_aa\)
\(=\left(-1.2.log_aa\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{4}=4+\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{17}{4}\)