Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questionsResearchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best way to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theretical ideal decisions to see how similar they...
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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best way to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets cam take, they are all similar in their essential aspects.
Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.
Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question "What will I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.
A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?"
Question: The author states that "On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once" (paragrap 3) to explain that________.
A. people can learn to keep more than seven ideas in their minds with practice.
B. most decisions involve seven steps.
C. human mental capacity has limitations.
D. some people have difficulty making minor as well as major decisions.
The number of cars in China is increasing by 25% a year, and billions are being invested in new roads. A (1) far / quite / bit more worrying statistic is the number of road accidents, which is growing at an alarming rate - one person dies every six minutes on Chinese roads. This is (2) hardly / almost / nearly surprising when one takes into account the fact that many drivers have never had a driving lesson in their lives. The proper procedure for obtaining a driving license involves a six-week course but many drivers prefer a (3) very / much / many less time-consuming method - they arrange to buy one. With so many inexperienced drivers bribing their way onto the road, accident rates seem likely to get (4) bit / quite / even worse. Cars are becoming (5) more / as / just and more popular, particularly for weekend leisure trips, even though (6) by far / most / rather the best course of action would seem to be to stay away from the roads altogether. Despite the investment in the country's infrastructure, roads are primitive and (7) incredibly / utterly / partly hazardous, jammed with everything from pedestrians and animals to bicycles and huge container trucks, which an expert driver would find (8) just / like / every as impossible to negotiate safely. The pace of change has (9) absolutely / usually / clearly caused problems, and the Chinese may well find that Westernisation is not (10) so / the / any much a blessing as a curse.