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\(x^2-xy-2y^2=0\Leftrightarrow x^2+xy-2xy-2y^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x+y\right)-2y\left(x+y\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(x-2y\right)=0\Rightarrow x=2y\) (do \(x+y\ne0\))
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{2y-y}{2y+y}=\frac{y}{3y}=\frac{1}{3}\)
2/
\(x^4-30x^2+31x-30=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4+x-30x^2+30x-30=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x^3+1\right)-30\left(x^2-x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)-30\left(x^2-x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+x-30\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2+x-30=0\\x^2-x+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-5\right)\left(x+6\right)=0\\\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}=0\left(vn\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\x=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(x+y=1\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y-1=-x\\x-1=-y\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(y-1\right)^2=x^2\\\left(x-1\right)^2=y^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\frac{x}{y^3-1}-\frac{y}{x^3-1}+\frac{2\left(x-y\right)}{\left(xy\right)^2+3}=\frac{x}{\left(y-1\right)\left(y^2+y+1\right)}-\frac{y}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}+\frac{2\left(x-y\right)}{\left(xy\right)^2+3}\)
\(=\frac{-1}{y^2+y+1}+\frac{1}{x^2+x+1}+\frac{2\left(x-y\right)}{\left(xy\right)^2+3}=\frac{-1}{x^2+3y}+\frac{1}{y^2+3x}+\frac{2\left(x-y\right)}{\left(xy\right)^2+3}\)
\(=\frac{-y^2-3x+x^2+3y}{\left(xy\right)^2+3x^3+3y^3+9xy}+\frac{2\left(x-y\right)}{\left(xy\right)^2+3}=\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-3x+3y}{\left(xy\right)^2+3\left(x+y\right)\left(\left(x+y\right)^2-3xy\right)+9xy}+\frac{2\left(x-y\right)}{\left(xy\right)^2+3}\)
\(=\frac{-2\left(x-y\right)}{\left(xy\right)^2+3}+\frac{2\left(x-y\right)}{\left(xy\right)^2+3}=0\)
Lời giải:
Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix} (x+y)^2=a\neq 0\\ xy=b\end{matrix}\right.\)
Dùng cách biến đổi tương đương.
Ta có: \(A=x^2+y^2+\left(\frac{xy+1}{x+y}\right)^2=(x+y)^2-2xy+\frac{(xy+1)^2}{(x+y)^2}\)
\(A=a-2b+\frac{(b+1)^2}{a}\)
\(A\geq 2\Leftrightarrow a-2b+\frac{(b+1)^2}{a}\geq 2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+(b+1)^2\geq 2a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+1-2ab+2b-2a\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (-a+b+1)^2\geq 0\) (luôn đúng)
Do đó ta có đpcm.
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(-a+b+1=0\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+xy=1\)
xử lí nhanh: Giá trị của \(A=\frac{x-y}{x+y}\) biết \(x^2-2y^2=xy\) và \(xy\ne0\)
Điều kiện xác định: \(x+y\ne0\Leftrightarrow x\ne-y\)
Ta có:
\(x^2-2y^2=xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+xy=2y^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+xy+0,25y^2=2,25y^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+0,5y\right)^2=\left|1,5y\right|^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\begin{matrix}x-0,5y=1,5y\\x-0,5y=-1,5y\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[\begin{matrix}x=2y\left(nhận\right)\\x=-y\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thay \(x=2y\) vào A ta có:
\(A=\frac{2y-y}{2y+y}=\frac{y}{3y}=\frac{1}{3}\)
Vậy \(A=\frac{1}{3}\)
Sửa lại đề nha : ......... và x + y \(\ne0\)
Ta có : \(x^2-2y^2=xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-y^2-y^2-xy=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)-y\left(y+x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y-y\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(x-2y\right)=0\)
mà \(x+y\ne0\) \(\Rightarrow x-2y=0\) \(\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=2y\)
Thay x = 2y vào biểu thức A = \(\frac{x-y}{x+y}\) ta được :
A = \(\frac{2y-y}{2y+y}=\frac{y}{3y}=\frac{1}{3}\)
Vậy giá trị của biểu thức A = \(\frac{x-y}{x+y}\) biết \(x^2-2y^2=xy\) và \(x+y\ne0\)
là \(\frac{1}{3}\) .
a) ĐKXĐ : \(x+y\ne0\)
\(x^2-2y^2=xy\)
\(x^2-y^2-y^2-xy=0\)
\(\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-y\left(y+x\right)=0\)
\(\left(x+y\right)\left(x-2y\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0\left(Loai\right)\\x-2y=0\left(Chon\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Với x - 2y = 0 ta có x = 2y
Thay x = 2y vào A ta có :
\(A=\dfrac{2y-y}{2y+y}=\dfrac{y}{3y}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Câu b:
Ta có: \(x^2 + 4y^2 + z^2 - 2x - 6z + 8y + 15\)
\(= (x^2 - 2x +1) + (4y^2 - 8y + 4) + (z^2 - 6z +9) +1\)
\(= (x-1)^2 + (2y-2)^2 + (z-3)^2 + 1\)
Mà \((x-1)^2 \geq 0; (2y-2)^2 \geq 0; (z-3)^2\geq 0\)
\(\implies\) \((x-1)^2+(2y-2)^2 +(z-3)^2\geq 0\)
\(\implies\)\((x-1)^2+(2y-2)^2 +(z-3)^2+1> 0\)
Ta có : \(\dfrac{\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2+2axby+2axcz+2bycz=a^2x^2+b^2x^2+c^2x^2+a^2y^2+b^2y^2+c^2y^2+a^2z^2+b^2z^2+c^2z^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2axby+2axvz+2bycz=a^2y^2+b^2x^2+a^2z^2+c^2x^2+b^2z^2+c^2y^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2y^2+b^2x^2+a^2z^2+c^2x^2+b^2z^2+c^2y^2-2axby-2azcx-2bycz=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2y^2-2axby+b^2x^2\right)+\left(a^2z^2-2azcx+c^2x^2\right)+\left(b^2z^2-2bycz+c^2y^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ay-bx\right)^2+\left(az-cx\right)^2+\left(bz-cy\right)^2=0\)
Do \(\left(ay-bx\right)^2\ge0;\left(az-cx\right)^2\ge0;\left(bz-cy\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ay-bx=0\\az-cx=0\\bz-cy=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ay=bx\\az=cx\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}\\\dfrac{c}{z}=\dfrac{a}{x}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}=\dfrac{c}{z}\left(đpcm\right)\)
:D
Ta có x2-xy+y2=x2-2xy+y2+xy=(x-y)2+xy
Mà (x-y)2 luôn luôn >_0 --> (x-y)2 +xy luôn luôn >_0
-->x2-xy+y2 khác 0