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Áp dụng Bunhiacopxki dạng phân thức:
\(VT=\frac{2}{x+y}+\frac{2}{y+z}+\frac{2}{z+x}\ge\frac{\left(\sqrt{2}.3\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{9}{x+y+z}\)
Dấu "=" khi x = y = z > 0
cũng là Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel nhưng làm khác idol :))
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có :
\(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{z+x}\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{x+y+y+z+z+x}=\frac{9}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
=> \(2\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{z+x}\right)\ge\frac{9}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}\cdot2=\frac{9}{x+y+z}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> x=y=z
\(\left(x+y+z\right)^2=x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2xz+2yz=z^2+\left(x+y\right)^2+2z\left(x+y\right)=36\)
áp dụng BĐT cosi :
\(z^2+\left(x+y\right)^2\ge2z\left(x+y\right)\)
<=> \(z^2+\left(x+y\right)^2+2z\left(x+y\right)\ge4z\left(x+y\right)=36< =>z\left(x+y\right)\ge9\)
ta lại có \(\dfrac{x+y}{xyz}=\dfrac{x}{xyz}+\dfrac{y}{xyz}=\dfrac{1}{yz}+\dfrac{1}{xz}\) áp dụng BĐT buhihacopxki dạng phân thức => \(\dfrac{1}{yz}+\dfrac{1}{xz}\ge\dfrac{4}{yz+xz}=\dfrac{4}{z\left(x+y\right)}\ge\dfrac{4}{9}\left(đpcm\right)\)
dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}yz=xz< =>x=y\\x+y+z=6\\z^2=\left(x+y\right)^2\end{matrix}\right.< =>\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+y+z=6\\z=2x=2y\end{matrix}\right.< =>\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=y=\dfrac{3}{2}\\z=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
-Ủa vì sao\(\dfrac{4}{z\left(x+y\right)}\ge\dfrac{4}{9}\)? Đáng lẽ là \(\dfrac{4}{z\left(x+y\right)}\le\dfrac{4}{9}\) chứ?
Ta có:
Đặt \(A=x+y+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=x+y+\dfrac{4}{4x}+\dfrac{4}{4y}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=x+y+\dfrac{1}{4x}+\dfrac{3}{4x}+\dfrac{1}{4y}+\dfrac{3}{4y}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{4x}\right)+\left(y+\dfrac{1}{4y}\right)+\left(\dfrac{3}{4x}+\dfrac{3}{4y}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge2\sqrt{x.\dfrac{1}{4x}}+2\sqrt{y.\dfrac{1}{4y}}+\dfrac{3}{4}.\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
\(\ge2.\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4}}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4}}+\dfrac{3}{4}.\dfrac{4}{1}\)
\(=2.\dfrac{1}{2}+2.\dfrac{1}{2}+3=1+1+3=5\)
Vậy ta có đpcm. Dấu"=" xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{4x}\\y=\dfrac{1}{4y}\\x=y\\x+y=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(tm\right)\)
C1:Biến đổi tương đương
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{xy}+\dfrac{y}{xy}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x+y}{xy}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+2xy\ge4xy\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2-2xy\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\)
C2:Dùng AM-GM
\(x+y\ge2\sqrt{xy}\);\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x}\cdot\dfrac{1}{y}}=2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{xy}}\)
Nhân theo vế 2 BĐT
\(\left(x+y\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\ge4\sqrt{xy\cdot\dfrac{1}{xy}}=4\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
C3:Dùng Cauchy-Schwarz (dạng Engel)
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{x+y}=\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
-3 cách trên đều có dấu "=" khi \(x=y\)
Đặt \(A=x+y+z+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=x+y+z+\dfrac{9}{9x}+\dfrac{9}{9y}+\dfrac{9}{9z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=x+y+z+\dfrac{1}{9x}+\dfrac{8}{9x}+\dfrac{1}{9y}+\dfrac{8}{9y}+\dfrac{1}{9z}+\dfrac{8}{9z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{9x}\right)+\left(y+\dfrac{1}{9y}\right)+\left(z+\dfrac{1}{9z}\right)+\left(\dfrac{8}{9x}+\dfrac{8}{9y}+\dfrac{8}{9z}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{9x}\right)+\left(y+\dfrac{1}{9y}\right)+\left(z+\dfrac{1}{9z}\right)+\dfrac{8}{9}.\left(\dfrac{1^2}{x}+\dfrac{1^2}{y}+\dfrac{1^2}{z}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge2\sqrt{x.\dfrac{1}{9x}}+2\sqrt{y.\dfrac{1}{9y}}+2\sqrt{z.\dfrac{1}{9z}}+\dfrac{8}{9}.\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{x+y+z}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{9}}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{9}}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{9}}+\dfrac{8}{9}.\dfrac{3^2}{1}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge2.\dfrac{1}{3}.3+8=2+8=10\)
Vậy ta có BĐT cần chứng minh.
Dấu\("="\) xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Ta có:
\(x+\dfrac{4}{x+1}+y+\dfrac{9}{y+1}=\left(x+1+\dfrac{4}{x+1}\right)+\left(y+1+\dfrac{9}{y+1}\right)-2\)
\(\ge2.2+2.3-2=8\)
Vì x,y > 0 nên dấu = không xảy ra.
Vậy ta có ĐPCM