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\(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{n\left(n+1\right)^2-n^2\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{\sqrt{n}}{n}+\frac{\sqrt{n+1}}{n+1}\)
\(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1}+1\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{100\sqrt{99}+99\sqrt{100}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{1}}{1}-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}+\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}+...+\frac{\sqrt{99}}{99}-\frac{\sqrt{100}}{100}\)
\(=1-\frac{\sqrt{100}}{100}=\frac{9}{10}< 1\)
Với mọi n nguyên dương ta có:
\(\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)=1\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}=\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\)
Với k nguyên dương thì
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k-1}+\sqrt{k}}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}+\sqrt{k}}\Rightarrow\frac{2}{\sqrt{k-1}+\sqrt{k}}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{k-1}+\sqrt{k}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}+\sqrt{k}}=\sqrt{k}-\sqrt{k-1}+\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k}\)
\(=\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k-1}\)(*)
Đặt A = vế trái. Áp dụng (*) ta có:
\(\frac{2}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}>\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{1}\)
\(\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}>\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{3}\)
...
\(\frac{2}{\sqrt{79}+\sqrt{80}}>\sqrt{81}-\sqrt{79}\)
Cộng tất cả lại
\(2A=\frac{2}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+....+\frac{2}{\sqrt{79}+\sqrt{80}}>\sqrt{81}-1=8\Rightarrow A>4\left(đpcm\right)\)
3.
Theo bất đẳng thức cô si ta có:
\(\sqrt{b-1}=\sqrt{1.\left(b-1\right)}\le\frac{1+b-1}{2}=\frac{b}{2}\Rightarrow a.\sqrt{b-1}\le\frac{a.b}{2}\)
Tương tự \(\Rightarrow b.\sqrt{a-1}\le\frac{a.b}{2}\Rightarrow a.\sqrt{b-1}+b.\sqrt{a-1}\le a.b\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=2\)
Ta có \(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\sqrt{n}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+\frac{\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)< 2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
áp dụng vào làm
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\sqrt{n}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{\left(n+1\right)^2}}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+\frac{\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(< \left(1+1\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)=2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
Áp dụng vào bài toán ta được
\(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{2009\sqrt{2008}}\)
\(=2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2008}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2009}}\right)\)
\(=2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2009}}\right)< 2\)
\(\frac{1}{3+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{3-\sqrt{2}}=\frac{3-\sqrt{2}}{\left(3+\sqrt{2}\right)\left(3-\sqrt{2}\right)}+\frac{3+\sqrt{2}}{\left(3+\sqrt{2}\right)\left(3-\sqrt{2}\right)}=\frac{3-\sqrt{2}+3+\sqrt{2}}{\left(3+\sqrt{2}\right)\left(3-\sqrt{2}\right)}=\frac{6}{3^2-2}=\frac{6}{7}\Rightarrowđpcm\)