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\(x^4y+x^2y-x^2y=x^2y\left(x^2+1\right)-x^2y.\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{x^2y\left(x^2+1\right)-x^2y}{\left(x^2+1\right)}=x^2y-\frac{x^2y}{\left(x^2+1\right)}\\\frac{y^2z\left(y^2+1\right)-y^2z}{\left(y^2+1\right)}=y^2z-\frac{y^2z}{\left(y^2+1\right)}\\\frac{z^2x\left(z^2+1\right)-z^2x}{\left(z^2+1\right)}=z^2x-\frac{z^2x}{\left(z^2+1\right)}\end{cases}}Vt\ge x^2y+y^2z+z^2x-\left(\frac{x^2y}{x^2+1}+\frac{y^2z}{y^2+1}+\frac{z^2x}{z^2+1}\right)\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}x^2+1\ge2x\\y^2+1\ge2y\\z^2+1\ge2z\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}-\frac{x^2y}{x^2+1}\ge\frac{x^2y}{2x}=\frac{xy}{2}\\\frac{y^2z}{2y}=\frac{yz}{2}\\\frac{z^2x}{2z}=\frac{xz}{2}\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}VT\ge x^2y+y^2z+z^2x-\left(\frac{xy+yz+zx}{2}\right)}\)
\(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x\ge3\sqrt[3]{x^3y^3z^3}=3\)
\(VT\ge3-\frac{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{2}\)
t chỉ làm dc đến đây thôi :))
Từ \(VT\ge x^2y+y^2z+z^2x-\left(\frac{xy+yz+zx}{2}\right)\)ta có:
\(x^2y+x^2y+y^2z=x^2y+x^2y+\frac{y}{x}\ge3xy\)(áp dụng BĐT Cauchy)
Tương tự : \(y^2z+y^2z+z^2x\ge3yz\); \(z^2x+z^2x+x^2y\ge3zx\)
Cộng vế theo vế suy ra : \(3\left(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x\right)\ge3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2y+y^2z+z^2x\ge xy+yz+zx\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\frac{xy+yz+zx}{2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{x^2y^2z^2}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1
\(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{z+x}\le\frac{1}{4x}+\frac{1}{4y}+\frac{1}{4z}+\frac{9}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{z+x}\right)\le\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{4x}+\frac{1}{4y}+\frac{1}{4z}\right)+\frac{9}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{z}{x+y}+\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{z+x}\le\frac{y+z}{4x}+\frac{z+x}{4y}+\frac{x+y}{4z}\)
Ta có:
\(VP=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{x}{z}+\frac{y}{x}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}+\frac{z}{y}\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{z+x}+\frac{z}{x+y}=VT\)
\(\Sigma\frac{x^3}{y^2}=\Sigma\frac{x}{y^2}\left(x-y\right)^2+\frac{\Sigma z\left(x^3-yz^2\right)^2}{xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}+\Sigma\frac{x^2}{y}\ge\frac{x^2}{y}+\frac{y^2}{z}+\frac{z^2}{x}\)
\(\text{Ta có:}\)
\(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{x}\left(x,y,z>0\right)\ge\frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}\ge\frac{3}{\frac{x+y+z}{3}}=\frac{9}{x+y+z}\)
\(\frac{y+z+5}{1+x}+\frac{z+x+5}{1+y}+\frac{x+y+5}{1+z}\)
\(=\frac{x+y+z+6}{1+x}+\frac{x+y+z+6}{1+y}+\frac{x+y+z+6}{1+z}-3\)
\(=\frac{24}{1+x}+\frac{24}{1+y}+\frac{24}{1+z}-3\ge\frac{51}{7}\Leftrightarrow\frac{24}{1+x}+\frac{24}{1+y}+\frac{24}{1+z}\ge\frac{72}{7}\)
\(24\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\ge24\left(\frac{9}{x+1+y+1+z+1}\right)\)
\(=24\left(\frac{9}{21}\right)=\frac{24.9}{21}=\frac{8.9}{7}=\frac{72}{7}\)
Bài toán đã được chứng minh
\(\text{Thêm dấu "=" xảy ra khi: x=y=z=6 nha! =((}\)
Đặt \(a=\sqrt{\frac{yz}{x}},b=\sqrt{\frac{zx}{y}},c=\sqrt{\frac{xy}{z}}\) \(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ac=1\)
Suy ra bài toán trở về dạng chứng minh \(\frac{1}{a^2+1}+\frac{1}{b^2+1}+\frac{1}{c^2+1}\le\frac{9}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1-\frac{a^2}{a^2+1}+1-\frac{b^2}{b^2+1}+1-\frac{c^2}{c^2+1}\le\frac{9}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{a^2+1}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+1}+\frac{c^2}{c^2+1}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)(*)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM ta có :
\(\frac{a^2}{a^2+1}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+1}+\frac{c^2}{c^2+1}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+3}\)
Đặt t = a+b+c \(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=t^2-2\)
Ta cần chứng minh \(\frac{t^2}{t^2+1}\ge\frac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow4t^2\ge3t^2+3\Rightarrow t^2\ge3\)(Luôn đúng vì \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=3\))
Vậy ta có đpcm
Đoạn cuối của cô Nguyễn Linh Chi em có 1 cách biến đổi tương đương cũng khá ngắn gọn ạ
\(RHS\ge2\cdot\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2-\left(x+y+z\right)+18}\)
Theo đánh giá của cô Nguyễn Linh Chi thì \(xy+yz+zx\ge x+y+z\ge3\)
Ta cần chứng minh:\(\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2-\left(x+y+z\right)+18}\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
Thật vậy,BĐT tương đương với:
\(2\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge x^2+y^2+z^2-x-y-z+18\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2+x+y+z-12\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z+4\right)\left(x+y+z-3\right)\ge0\) ( luôn đúng với \(x+y+z\ge3\) )
=> đpcm
Áp dụng: \(AB\le\frac{\left(A+B\right)^2}{4}\)với mọi A, B
Ta có:
\(x^3+8=\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-2x+4\right)\le\frac{\left(x+2+x^2-2x+4\right)^2}{4}\)
=> \(\sqrt{x^3+8}\le\frac{x^2-x+6}{2}\)
=> \(\frac{x^2}{\sqrt{x^3+8}}\ge\frac{2x^2}{x^2-x+6}\)
Tương tự
=> \(\frac{x^2}{\sqrt{x^3+8}}+\frac{y^2}{\sqrt{y^3+8}}+\frac{z^2}{\sqrt{z^3+8}}\)
\(\ge\frac{2x^2}{x^2-x+6}+\frac{2y^2}{y^2-y+6}+\frac{2z^2}{z^2-z+6}\)
\(=2\left(\frac{x^2}{x^2-x+6}+\frac{y^2}{y^2-y+6}+\frac{z^2}{z^2-z+6}\right)\)
\(\ge2\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x^2-x+6+y^2-y+6+z^2-z+6}\)
\(=2\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2-\left(x+y+z\right)+18}\)(1)
Ta có: \(x+y+z\le xy+yz+zx\le\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}\) với mọi x, y, z
=> \(\left(x+y+z\right)^2-3\left(x+y+z\right)\ge0\)
=> \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x+y+z-3\right)\ge0\)
=> \(x+y+z\ge3\)với mọi x, y, z dương
Và \(x^2+y^2+z^2=\left(x+y+z\right)^2-2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\le\left(x+y+z\right)^2-2\left(x+y+z\right)\)
Do đó: \(\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2-\left(x+y+z\right)+18}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2-3\left(x+y+z\right)+18}\)
Đặt: x + y + z = t ( t\(\ge3\))
Xét hiệu: \(\frac{t^2}{t^2-3t+18}-\frac{1}{2}=\frac{t^2+3t-18}{t^2-3t+18}=\frac{\left(t-3\right)\left(t+6\right)}{\left(t-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\frac{63}{4}}\ge0\)với mọi t \(\ge3\)
Do đó: \(\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2-3\left(x+y+z\right)+18}\ge\frac{1}{2}\)(2)
Từ (1); (2)
=> \(\frac{x^2}{\sqrt{x^3+8}}+\frac{y^2}{\sqrt{y^3+8}}+\frac{z^2}{\sqrt{z^3+8}}\ge2.\frac{1}{2}=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x= y = z = 1
Đặt \(a=y+z,b=z+x,c=x+y\) (với a > 0, b > 0, c> 0)
\(\Rightarrow x=\frac{b+c-a}{2},y=\frac{c+a-b}{2},z=\frac{a+b-c}{2}\). Ta có
\(VT\) \(P=\frac{25\left(b+c-a\right)}{2a}+\frac{4\left(c+a-b\right)}{2b}+\frac{9\left(a+b-c\right)}{2c}\)\(=\left(\frac{25b}{2a}+\frac{4a}{2b}\right)+\left(\frac{25c}{2a}+\frac{9a}{2c}\right)+\left(\frac{4c}{2b}+\frac{9b}{2c}\right)-19\ge10+15+6-19=12\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5b=2a\\5c=3a\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow5b+5c=5a\Rightarrow x=0\left(vôlis\right)\)
Vậy BĐT P đúng
cái chỗ \(x=\frac{b+c-a}{2},y=\frac{c+a-b}{2},z=\frac{a+b-c}{2}\) là thế nào vậy??