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\(\dfrac{5}{x}+\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{1}{8}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{5}{x}=\dfrac{1}{8}-\dfrac{y}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{5}{x}=\dfrac{1}{8}-\dfrac{2y}{8}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{5}{x}=\dfrac{1-2y}{8}\)
\(\Rightarrow x\left(1-2y\right)=40\)
\(\Rightarrow x;1-2y\in U\left(40\right)\)
\(U\left(40\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm2;\pm4;\pm5;\pm8;\pm10;\pm20;\pm40\right\}\)
Mà 1-2y lẻ nên:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1-2y=1\Rightarrow2y=0\Rightarrow y=0\\x=40\\1-2y=-1\Rightarrow2y=2\Rightarrow y=1\\x=-40\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1-2y=5\Rightarrow2y=-4\Rightarrow y=-2\\x=8\\1-2y=-5\Rightarrow2y=6\Rightarrow y=3\\x=-8\end{matrix}\right.\)
b tương tự.
c) \(\left(x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)< 0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1< 0\Rightarrow x< -1\\x-2>0\Rightarrow x>2\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1>0\Rightarrow x>-1\\x-2< 0\Rightarrow x< 2\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow-1< x< 2\Rightarrow x\in\left\{0;1\right\}\)
d tương tự
Ta co : x<y =>\(\dfrac{a}{m}< \dfrac{b}{m}\Rightarrow a< b\)
\(x=\dfrac{a}{m}=\dfrac{2a}{2m}\)
\(y=\dfrac{b}{m}=\dfrac{2b}{2m}\)
\(z=\dfrac{2a+1}{2m}\)
do 2a < 2a+1 => \(\dfrac{2a}{2m}< \dfrac{2a+1}{2m}\)=> x<z (1)
a<b => a+1 \(\le\)b
\(\Rightarrow2a+2\le2b\)
\(\Rightarrow2a+1< 2b\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2a+1}{2m}< \dfrac{2b}{2m}\)
\(\Rightarrow z< y\) (2)
\(Tu\left(1\right)va\left(2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x< z< y\)
Gia su x = \(\dfrac{a}{m}\), y = \(\dfrac{b}{m}\) (a,b ∈∈Z ; m>0) va x<y
Hay chung to rang z = \(\dfrac{2a+1}{2m}\) thi ta co x<z<y
Giải
x = \(\dfrac{a}{m}\), y = \(\dfrac{b}{m}\)
mà x < y => a < b
=> \(x=\dfrac{2a}{2m};y=\dfrac{2b}{2m}\)
Ta có : a < b
=> a + a < a + a + 1
=> 2a < 2a + 1
=> \(\dfrac{2a}{2m}< \dfrac{2a+1}{2m}\) hay x < z (1)
Ta có : a < b
=> a + a + 1 < b + b
=> 2a+ 1 < 2b
=> \(\dfrac{2a+1}{2m}< \dfrac{2b}{2m}\) hay z < y (2)
Từ (1) và (2) => x < y <z
Ta có: \(x< y\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{m}< \dfrac{b}{m}\Leftrightarrow a< b\)(1)
Từ (1), Suy ra:
\(a< b\Leftrightarrow a+a< b+a\Leftrightarrow2a< a+b\left(2\right)\)
\(a< b\Leftrightarrow a+b< b+b\Leftrightarrow a+b< 2b\left(3\right)\)
Từ (2);(3), ta có:
\(2a< a+b< 2b\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2a}{2m}< \dfrac{a+b}{2m}< \dfrac{2b}{2m}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x< z< y\left(đpcm\right)\)
Ta có: \(x< y\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{m}< \dfrac{b}{m}\Rightarrow a< b\left(m>0\right)\)
\(z=\dfrac{a+b}{2m}>\dfrac{a+a}{2m}=\dfrac{2a}{2m}=\dfrac{a}{m}=x\)
\(z=\dfrac{a+b}{2m}< \dfrac{b+b}{2m}=\dfrac{2b}{2m}=\dfrac{b}{m}=y\)
\(\Rightarrow x< z< y\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{x}{y+z+t}=\dfrac{y}{z+t+x}=\dfrac{z}{t+x+y}=\dfrac{t}{x+y+z}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y+z+t}+1=\dfrac{y}{z+t+x}+1=\dfrac{z}{t+x+y}+1=\dfrac{t}{x+y+z}+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{y+z+t}=\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{z+t+x}=\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{y+x+x}=\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{y+x+z}\)
. Xét TH1: \(x+y+z+t=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-\left(z+t\right)\\y+z=-\left(x+t\right)\\z+t=-\left(x+y\right)\\x+t=-\left(y+z\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
. Xét TH2: \(x+y+z+t\ne0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=y=z=t\)
\(\Rightarrow A=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}A=1\\A=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{x+y}>\dfrac{x}{x+y+z}\\\dfrac{y}{y+z}>\dfrac{y}{x+y+z}\\\dfrac{z}{x+z}>\dfrac{z}{x+y+z}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{x+y}+\dfrac{y}{y+z}+\dfrac{z}{z+x}>\dfrac{x}{x+y+z}+\dfrac{y}{x+y+z}+\dfrac{z}{x+y+z}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{x+y}+\dfrac{y}{y+z}+\dfrac{z}{z+x}>1\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{x+y}< \dfrac{x+z}{x+y+z}\\\dfrac{y}{y+z}< \dfrac{y+x}{x+y+z}\\\dfrac{z}{x+z}< \dfrac{z+y}{x+y+z}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{x+y}+\dfrac{y}{y+z}+\dfrac{z}{z+x}< \dfrac{x+z}{x+y+z}+\dfrac{y+x}{x+y+z}+\dfrac{z+y}{x+y+z}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{x+y}+\dfrac{y}{y+z}+\dfrac{z}{z+x}< \dfrac{x+z+y+x+z+y}{x+y+z}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{x+y}+\dfrac{y}{y+z}+\dfrac{z}{z+x}< \dfrac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{x+y+z}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow1< \dfrac{x}{x+y}+\dfrac{y}{y+z}+\dfrac{z}{z+x}< 2\)