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X3 + Y3 + Z3 = 3XYZ
<=> X3 + Y3 + Z3 - 3XYZ = 0
<=> ( X3 + Y3 ) + Z3 - 3XYZ = 0
<=> ( X + Y )3 - 3XY( X + Y ) + Z3 - 3XYZ = 0
<=> [ ( X + Y )3 + Z3 ] - 3XY( X + Y + Z ) = 0
<=> ( X + Y + Z )[ ( X + Y )2 - ( X + Y ).Z + Z2 - 3XY ] = 0
<=> ( X + Y + Z )( X2 + Y2 + Z2 - XY - YZ - XZ ) = 0
<=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}X+Y+Z=0\\X^2+Y^2+Z^2-XY-YZ-XZ=0\end{cases}}\)
+) X + Y + Z = 0 => \(\hept{\begin{cases}X+Y=-Z\\Y+Z=-X\\X+Z=-Y\end{cases}}\)
KHI ĐÓ : \(M=\left(1+\frac{X}{Y}\right)\left(1+\frac{Y}{Z}\right)\left(1+\frac{Z}{X}\right)=\left(\frac{X+Y}{Y}\right)\left(\frac{Y+Z}{Z}\right)\left(\frac{X+Z}{X}\right)=\frac{-Z}{Y}\cdot\frac{-X}{Z}\cdot\frac{-Y}{X}=-1\)
+) X2 + Y2 + Z2 - XY - YZ - XZ = 0
<=> 2( X2 + Y2 + Z2 - XY - YZ - XZ ) = 0
<=> 2X2 + 2Y2 + 2Z2 - 2XY - 2YZ - 2XZ = 0
<=> ( X2 - 2XY + Y2 ) + ( Y2 - 2YZ + Z2 ) + ( X2 - 2XZ + Z2 ) = 0
<=> ( X - Y )2 + ( Y - Z )2 + ( X - Z )2 = 0 (1)
DỄ DÀNG CHỨNG MINH (1) ≥ 0 ∀ X,Y,Z
DẤU "=" XẢY RA <=> X = Y = Z
KHI ĐÓ : \(M=\left(1+\frac{X}{Y}\right)\left(1+\frac{Y}{Z}\right)\left(1+\frac{Z}{X}\right)=\left(1+\frac{Y}{Y}\right)\left(1+\frac{Z}{Z}\right)\left(1+\frac{X}{X}\right)=2\cdot2\cdot2=8\)
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{1}{2013}=\frac{1}{x+y+z}\Rightarrow\frac{yz+xz+xy}{xyz}=\frac{1}{x+y+z}\Rightarrow\left(yz+xz+xy\right)\left(x+y+z\right)=xyz\)
\(\Rightarrow y^2z+yz^2+x^2z+xz^2+x^2y+xy^2+2xyz+xyz=xyz\)
\(\Rightarrow y^2z+yz^2+x^2z+xz^2+x^2y+xy^2+2xyz=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x^2y+x^2z+xy^2+xyz\right)+\left(y^2z+xz^2+y^2z+xyz\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x\left(xy+xz+y^2+yz\right)+z\left(yz+xz+y^2+xy\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+z\right)\left(xy+xz+y^2+yz\right)=\left(x+z\right)\left(x\left(y+z\right)+y\left(y+z\right)\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=0\Rightarrow x^3+y^3=0\\y+z=0\Rightarrow y^5+z^5=0\\x+z=0\Rightarrow z^7+x^7=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\left(x^3+y^3\right)\left(y^5+z^5\right)\left(z^7+x^7\right)=0\)
2) \(\hept{\begin{cases}^{x^2-xy=y^2-yz}\left(1\right)\\^{y^2-yz=z^2-zx}\left(2\right)\\^{z^2-zx=x^2-xy}\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)
lấy (2) - (1) suy ra\(2yz=2y^2+xy+xz-x^2-z^2\)
lấy (3) - (1) suy ra \(2xy=zx+yz-z^2+2x^2-y^2\)
lấy (3) - (2) suy ra \(2zx=xy+yz+2z^2-x^2-y^2\)
cộng lại đc \(yz+xz+xy=0\) do đó \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{yz+xz+xy}{xyz}=0\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{2}{y}+\dfrac{3}{z}=0\)
=>\(\dfrac{yz+2xz+3xy}{xyz}=0\)
=>yz+2xz+3xy=0
=>\(xy+\dfrac{2}{3}xz+\dfrac{1}{3}yz=0\)
\(x+\dfrac{y}{2}+\dfrac{z}{3}=1\)
=>\(\left(x+\dfrac{y}{2}+\dfrac{z}{3}\right)^2=1\)
=>\(x^2+\dfrac{y^2}{4}+\dfrac{z^2}{9}+2\left(x\cdot\dfrac{y}{2}+x\cdot\dfrac{z}{3}+\dfrac{y}{2}\cdot\dfrac{z}{3}\right)=1\)
=>\(A+2\left(\dfrac{xy}{2}+\dfrac{xz}{3}+\dfrac{yz}{6}\right)=1\)
=>A+xy+2/3xz+1/3yz=1
=>A=1
ta co: \(\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}.\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{xz}=0\)
=> x + y + z = 0
Lai co: x3 + y3 +z3 - 3xyz = (x+y+z).(x2+y2+z2 - xy - yz - zx)
x3 + y3 + z3 - 3xyz = 0
=> x3 + y3 + z3 = 3xyz
ta co: \(\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}.\)
=> 1/xy + 1/yz + 1/xz = 0
=> x + y + z = 0
Lai co: x3 + y3 +z3 - 3xyz = (x+y+z).(x2+y2+z2 - xy - yz - zx)
x3 + y3 + z3 - 3xyz = 0
=> x3 + y3 + z3 = 3xyz