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Nếu biểu thức là: \(P=\dfrac{x^5}{y^3}+\dfrac{y^5}{z^3}+\dfrac{z^5}{x^3}\) thì đề bài sai
Biểu thức này chỉ có min, không có max
\(x^2+y^2+2\left(x+y\right)-xy=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-4xy+4y^2+8\left(x+y\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-y\right)^2+4\left(2x-y\right)+4+3y^2+12y+12=-16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-y+2\right)^2+3\left(y+2\right)^2=-16\)
Dễ thấy VT \(\ge0\) ; VP < 0 nên phương trình vô nghiệm
\(x^2+y^2-2\left(x+y\right)=xy\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2-2x+1+y^2-2y+1=2+xy\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2=2+xy\)
Ta lại có : \(\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2\ge2\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)\) (Bất đẳng thức Cauchy)
x y + ( 1 + x 2 ) ( 1 + y 2 ) = 1 ⇔ ( 1 + x ) 2 ( 1 + y ) 2 = 1 − x y ⇒ ( 1 + x 2 ) ( 1 + y 2 ) = 1 - x y 2 ⇔ 1 + x 2 + y 2 + x 2 y 2 = 1 − 2 x y + x 2 y 2 ⇔ x 2 + y 2 + 2 x y = 0 ⇔ x + y 2 = 0 ⇔ y = − x ⇒ x 1 + y 2 + y 1 + x 2 = x 1 + x 2 − x 1 + x 2 = 0
\(2\left(x+y\right)+xy=x^2+y^2\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2-2x-2y-xy=0\\ \Leftrightarrow2x^2+2y^2-4x-4y-2xy=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+\left(y^2-4y+4\right)+\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)=8\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+\left(x-y\right)^2=8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\begin{matrix}\left(x-2\right)^2=0;&\left(y-2\right)^2=4;&\left(x-y\right)^2=4\\\left(x-2\right)^2=4;&\left(y-2\right)^2=0;&\left(x-y\right)^2=4\\\left(x-2\right)^2=4;&\left(y-2\right)^2=4;&\left(x-y\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\begin{matrix}x=2;&y=4\\x=2;&y=0\\x=4;&y=2\\x=0;&y=2\\x=0;&y=0\\x=2;&y=2\end{matrix}\)
Vậy có 6 cặp số thỏa mãn:
\(\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(2;4\right);\left(2;0\right);\left(4;2\right);\left(0;2\right);\left(0;0\right);\left(2;2\right)\right\}\)
Ta có:
\(4x^2+9y^2\ge12\left|xy\right|\)
\(2x^2+18z^2\ge12\left|xz\right|\)
\(3y^2+12z^2\ge12\left|yz\right|\)
Cộng vế: \(12\left(\left|xy\right|+\left|yz\right|+\left|zx\right|\right)\le6\left(x^2+2y^2+5z^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+zx\le\left|xy\right|+\left|yz\right|+\left|zx\right|\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x^2+2y^2+5z^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x^2+2y^2+5z^2\right)\left[2+\sqrt{4-\left(x^2+2y^2+5z^2\right)^2}\right]\)
Đặt \(x^2+2y^2+5z^2=a\Rightarrow0< a\le2\)
\(P\le\dfrac{1}{2}a\left(2+\sqrt{4-a^2}\right)\Rightarrow P^2\le\dfrac{1}{4}a^2\left(2+\sqrt{4-a^2}\right)\left(2+\sqrt{4-a^2}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P^2\le\dfrac{1}{108}\left(a^2+2+\sqrt{4-a^2}+2+\sqrt{4-a^2}\right)^3\)
\(\Rightarrow P^2\le\dfrac{1}{108}\left(a^2+2\sqrt{4-a^2}+4\right)^3\le\dfrac{1}{108}\left(a^2+1+4-a^2+4\right)^3=\dfrac{27}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=\sqrt{3}\) hay: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4x^2=9y^2=36z^2\\x^2+2y^2+5z^2=\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\) (x;y;z cùng dấu)
\(x^2+y^2+xy=3\)
Có \(x^2+y^2\ge2xy\) \(\Rightarrow3=x^2+y^2+xy\ge2xy+xy\) \(\Leftrightarrow xy\le1\)
\(x^2+y^2\ge-2xy\) \(\Rightarrow3=x^2+y^2+xy\ge-2xy+xy\) \(\Leftrightarrow-3\le xy\)
Đặt A= \(x^2+y^2-xy=\left(3-xy\right)-xy=3-2xy\)
mà \(-3\le xy\le1\) \(\Rightarrow9\ge3-2xy\ge1\)
=> minA=1 <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}xy=1\\x=y\end{matrix}\right.\) <=>x=y=1
maxA=9 <=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}xy=-3\\x=-y\end{matrix}\right.\) <=>\(\left(x;y\right)=\left(\sqrt{3};-\sqrt{3}\right);\left(-\sqrt{3};\sqrt{3}\right)\)
Đặt \(P=x^2+y^2-xy\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{P}{3}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2-xy}{3}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2-xy}{x^2+y^2+xy}\)
\(\dfrac{P}{3}=\dfrac{3x^2+3y^2-3xy}{3\left(x^2+y^2+xy\right)}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2+xy+2\left(x^2+y^2-2xy\right)}{3\left(x^2+y^2+xy\right)}\)
\(\dfrac{P}{3}=\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{2\left(x-y\right)^2}{3\left(x^2+y^2+xy\right)}\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\Rightarrow P\ge1\)
\(P_{min}=1\) khi \(x=y=1\)
\(\dfrac{P}{3}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2-xy}{x^2+y^2+xy}=\dfrac{3\left(x^2+y^2+xy\right)-2\left(x^2+y^2+2xy\right)}{x^2+y^2+xy}=3-\dfrac{2\left(x+y\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+xy}\le3\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le9\)
\(P_{max}=9\) khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(\sqrt{3};-\sqrt{3}\right);\left(-\sqrt{3};\sqrt{3}\right)\)