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\(\dfrac{A}{2}+\dfrac{B}{2}=\dfrac{\pi}{2}-\dfrac{C}{2}\Rightarrow tan\left(\dfrac{A}{2}+\dfrac{B}{2}\right)=tan\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}-\dfrac{C}{2}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{tan\dfrac{A}{2}+tan\dfrac{B}{2}}{1-tan\dfrac{A}{2}tan\dfrac{B}{2}}=cot\dfrac{C}{2}=\dfrac{1}{tan\dfrac{C}{2}}\)
\(\Rightarrow tan\dfrac{A}{2}.tan\dfrac{C}{2}+tan\dfrac{B}{2}tan\dfrac{C}{2}=1-tan\dfrac{A}{2}tan\dfrac{B}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow tan\dfrac{A}{2}tan\dfrac{B}{2}+tan\dfrac{B}{2}tan\dfrac{C}{2}+tan\dfrac{C}{2}tan\dfrac{A}{2}=1\)
Ta có:
\(tan\dfrac{A}{2}+tan\dfrac{B}{2}+tan\dfrac{C}{2}\ge\sqrt{3\left(tan\dfrac{A}{2}tan\dfrac{B}{2}+tan\dfrac{B}{2}tan\dfrac{C}{2}+tan\dfrac{C}{2}tan\dfrac{A}{2}\right)}=\sqrt{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(A=B=C\) hay tam giác ABC đều
Dự đoán điểm rơi xảy ra tại \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(3;2;4\right)\)
Đơn giản là kiên nhẫn tính toán và tách biểu thức:
\(D=13\left(\dfrac{a}{18}+\dfrac{c}{24}\right)+13\left(\dfrac{b}{24}+\dfrac{c}{48}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a}{9}+\dfrac{b}{6}+\dfrac{2}{ab}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a}{18}+\dfrac{c}{24}+\dfrac{2}{ac}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{8}+\dfrac{c}{16}+\dfrac{2}{bc}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a}{9}+\dfrac{b}{6}+\dfrac{c}{12}+\dfrac{8}{abc}\right)\)
Sau đó Cô-si cho từng ngoặc là được
Gọi G là giao điểm của AM và BN.
Theo công thức tính độ dài đường trung tuyến: \(AM^2=\dfrac{2b^2+2c^2-a^2}{4}\);
\(BN^2=\dfrac{2c^2+2a^2-b^2}{4}\).
Từ đó \(AG^2=\dfrac{4}{9}AM^2=\dfrac{2b^2+2c^2-a^2}{9}\); \(BG^2=\dfrac{4}{9}BN^2=\dfrac{2c^2+2a^2-b^2}{9}\).
Do đó \(AG^2+BG^2=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+4c^2}{9}=\dfrac{9c^2}{9}=c^2=AB^2\).
Theo định lý Pythagoras đảo thì tam giác AGB vuông tại G.
Vậy góc giữa 2 trung tuyến AM và BN là 90o.
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(T=\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}}{\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}}+\frac{\frac{1}{b^2}}{\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}}+\frac{\frac{1}{c^2}}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}}\geq \frac{(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c})^2}{2(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c})}=\frac{1}{2}(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c})\)
\(\geq \frac{1}{2}.3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}=\frac{3}{2}\) (theo BĐT AM-GM)
Vậy $T_{\min}=\frac{3}{2}$.
Giá trị này đạt tại $a=b=c=1$
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a+b-c\right)=3ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2-c^2=3ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+2ab-c^2=3ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2-c^2=ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2-c^2}{2ab}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow cosC=\dfrac{a^2+b^2-c^2}{2ab}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow C=60^0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\right)\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)
Áp dụng BĐT quen thuộc:
\(\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge\dfrac{8}{9}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{8}{9}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{9\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{9\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge9abc+9abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Do \(3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge9abc\left(a+b+c\right)=9abc\)
Nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge9abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge9abc\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge9\)
Hiển nhiên đúng do \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}=9\)
Đặt \(\left(\sqrt{a};\sqrt{b};\sqrt{c}\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow x+y+z=1\)
BĐT trở thành: \(\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+2z^2}}+\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt{y^2+z^2+2x^2}}+\dfrac{zx}{\sqrt{x^2+z^2+2y^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Ta có:
\(x^2+z^2+y^2+z^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+z\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(y+z\right)^2\ge\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+2z^2}}\le\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{xy}{x+z}+\dfrac{xy}{y+z}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt{y^2+z^2+2x^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{yz}{x+y}+\dfrac{yz}{x+z}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{zx}{\sqrt{z^2+x^2+2y^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{zx}{x+y}+\dfrac{zx}{y+z}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{zx+yz}{x+y}+\dfrac{xy+zx}{y+z}+\dfrac{yz+xy}{z+x}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\) hay \(a=b=c\)
Giả thiết tương đương:
\(a^4+b^4+c^4+2b^2c^2=2a^2\left(b^2+c^2\right)+2b^2c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4+\left(b^2+c^2\right)^2=2a^2\left(b^2+c^2\right)+2b^2c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b^2+c^2-a^2\right)^2=2b^2c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b^2+c^2-a^2=\pm\sqrt{2}bc\)
\(cosA=\dfrac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{2bc}=\dfrac{\pm\sqrt{2}bc}{2bc}=\pm\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}A=45^0\\A=135^0\end{matrix}\right.\)
