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Giả sử có 1 mol Fe tác dụng
PTHH: 2Fe + 6H2SO4 --> Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
1---->3----------->0,5------->1,5
Giả sử khối lượng dd H2SO4 78,4% là m (gam)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4\left(bđ\right)}=\dfrac{m.78,4}{100}=0,784m\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,784m-3.98=0,784m-294\left(g\right)\)
mdd sau pư = 1.56 + m - 1,5.64 = m - 40 (g)
Do C% của Fe2(SO4)3 và H2SO4 dư là bằng nhau
=> \(m_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}\)
=> 400.0,5 = 0,784m - 294
=> m = \(\dfrac{30875}{49}\left(g\right)\)
mdd sau pư = \(\dfrac{28915}{49}\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C\%_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{200}{\dfrac{28915}{49}}.100\%=33,89\%\)
a)
$Fe + H_2SO_4 \to FeSO_4 + H_2$
$n_{H_2SO_4} = n_{H_2} = n_{Fe} = \dfrac{16,8}{56} = 0,3(mol)$
$V = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72(lít)$
$C_{M_{H_2SO_4}} = \dfrac{0,3}{0,25} = 1,2M$
b)
$n_{CuO} = \dfrac{16}{80} = 0,2(mol)$
$CuO + H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} Cu + H_2O$
$n_{CuO} < n_{H_2}$ nên $H_2$ dư
$n_{Cu} = n_{CuO} = 0,2(mol)$
$m_{Cu} = 0,2.64 = 12,8(gam)$
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{16,8}{56}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ PT:Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
0,3 0,3 0,3 (mol)
a) V= n. 22,4 = 0,3 . 22,4 = 6,72(l)
\(C\%=\dfrac{m_{H_2SO_4}}{m_{dd}}.100\%=\dfrac{0,3.98}{200}.100\%=11,76\%\)
b) PT: \(H_2+CuO\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
0,3 0,3
=> mCu=n.M=0,3.64=19,2(g)
a)
$Mg + H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4 + H-2$
b) $n_{H_2SO_4} = n_{Mg} = \dfrac{4,8}{24} = 0,2(mol)$
$C\%_{H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{0,2.98}{200}.100\% = 9,8\%$
$n_{H_2} = n_{Mg} = 0,2(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{dd\ A} = 4,8 + 200 - 0,2.2 = 204,4(gam)$
$C\%_{MgSO_4} = \dfrac{0,2.120}{204,4}.100\% = 11,7\%$
c) $V_{H_2} = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48(lít)$
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4(mol)\\ n_{Al}=x(mol);n_{Mg}=y(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 27x+24y=7,8(1)\\ a,2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Mg+2HCl\to MgCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow 1,5x+y=0,4(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=0,2(mol);y=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{7,8}.100\%=69,23\%\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Mg}=100\%-69,23\%=30,77\%\)
\(b,\Sigma n_{HCl}=3x+2y=0,8(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,8.36,5}{192,2}.100\%=15,19\%\\ c,n_{AlCl_3}=0,2(mol);n_{MgCl_2}=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,2.133,5}{0,2.27+192,2-0,3.2}.100\%=13,55\%\\ C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.95}{0,1.24+192,2-0,1.2}.100\%=4,89\%\)
Bài 4 :
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
a) Pt : \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2|\)
1 2 1 1
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2
b) \(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
c) \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,2.2}{1}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{HCl}=0,4.36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{14,6.100}{100}=14,6\)0/0
d) \(n_{ZnCl2}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{ZnCl2}=0,2.136=27,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddspu}=13+100-\left(0,2.2\right)=112,6\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{ZnCl2}=\dfrac{27,2.100}{112,6}=24,16\)0/0
Chúc bạn học tốt
Bài 3 :
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{12}{24}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
a) Pt : \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2|\)
1 1 1 1
0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5
b) \(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,5.1}{1}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,5.22,4=11,2\left(l\right)\)
c) \(n_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{0,5.1}{1}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{H2SO4}=0,5.98=49\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{ddH2SO4}=\dfrac{49.100}{200}=24,5\)0/0
d) \(n_{MgSO4}=\dfrac{0,5.1}{1}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{MgSO4}=0,5.120=60\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddspu}=12+200-\left(0,5.2\right)=211\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{MgSO4}=\dfrac{60.100}{211}=28,44\)0/0
Chúc bạn học tốt
Giả sử có 1 mol Fe phản ứng
PTHH: \(2Fe+6H_2SO_{4\left(đ\right)}\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3SO_2+6H_2O\)
1---->3---------------->0,5------------->1,5
`=>` \(m_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,5.400=200\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(C\%_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}\)
`=>` \(m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=m_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=200\left(g\right)\)
`=>` \(n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{200}{98}=\dfrac{100}{49}\left(mol\right)\)
`=>` \(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{100}{49}+3\right).98}{78,4\%}=\dfrac{30875}{49}\left(g\right)\)
`=>` \(m_{ddspư}=\dfrac{30875}{49}+56-1,5.64=\dfrac{28915}{49}\left(g\right)\)
`=>` \(C\%_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=C\%_{H_2SO_{4\left(dư\right)}}=\dfrac{200}{\dfrac{28915}{49}}.100\%=33,7\%\)