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a)
Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
Fe2O3 + 6HCl --> 2FeCl3 + 3H2O
MgCl2 + 2KOH + 2KCl + Mg(OH)2
FeCl3 + 3KOH --> 3KCl + Fe(OH)3
Mg(OH)2 --to--> MgO + H2O
2Fe(OH)3 --to--> Fe2O3 + 3H2O
b) Gọi số mol Mg, Fe2O3 là a, b (mol)
Theo PTHH: \(a=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{MgO}=n_{Mg}=a=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{Fe_2O_3\left(chất.rắn.sau.khi.nung\right)}=\dfrac{22-0,15.40}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{Fe_2O_3\left(bđ\right)}=n_{Fe_2O_3\left(chất.rắn.sau.khi.nung\right)}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> b = 0,1 (mol)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,15.24}{0,15.24+0,1.160}.100\%=18,37\%\\\%m_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{0,1.160}{0,15.24+0,1.160}.100\%=81,63\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\) (1)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\) (2)
b) Ta có: \(\Sigma n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,024}{22,4}=0,135\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi số mol của Fe là \(a\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=a\)
Gọi số mol của Al là \(b\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}b\)
Ta lập được hệ phương trình:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+\dfrac{3}{2}b=0,135\\56b+27b=4,14\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,045\\b=0,06\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,045\cdot56=2,52\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=1,62\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{2,52}{4,14}\cdot100\%\approx60,87\%\\\%m_{Al}=39,13\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) PTHH: \(FeCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Fe\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)
\(AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow+3NaCl\)
\(4Fe\left(OH\right)_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Fe_2O_3+4H_2O\)
\(2Al\left(OH\right)_3\underrightarrow{t^o}Al_2O_3+3H_2O\)
Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{FeCl_2}=0,045mol\\n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=n_{AlCl_3}=0,06mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,0225mol\\n_{Al_2O_3}=0,03mol\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe_2O_3}=0,0225\cdot160=3,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Al_2O_3}=0,03\cdot102=3,06\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{chấtrắn}=3,06+3,6=6,66\left(g\right)\)
a, \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4}{15}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{\dfrac{4}{15}.27}{10}.100\%=72\%\\\%m_{Cu}=28\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=0,4.98=39,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{39,2}{300}.100\%\approx13,067\%\)
PTHH:
`MgO + 2HCl -> MgCl_2 + H_2O`
`2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2`
`NaOH + HCl -> NaCl + H_2O`
`3NaOH + AlCl_3 -> Al(OH)_3 + 3NaCl`
`2NaOH + MgCl_2 -> Mg(OH)_2 + 2NaCl`
`NaOH + Al(OH)_3 -> NaAlO_2 + 2H_2O`
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200.14,6\%}{36,5}=0,8\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{5,8}{58}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Al}=n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
BTNT Mg: \(n_{MgO}=n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2n_{MgO}+3n_{Al}=0,5\left(mol\right)< 0,8\)
`=> HCl` dư
`m_{ddB} = 0,1.27 + 0,1.40 + 200 - 0,15.2 = 206,4 (g)`
`=>` \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{HCl.dư}=\dfrac{\left(0,8-0,5\right).36,5}{206,4}.100\%=5,31\%\\C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,1.133,5}{206,4}.100\%=6,47\%\\C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.95}{206,4}.100\%=4,6\%\end{matrix}\right.\)