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Gợi ý: \(\dfrac{a^4+b^4}{2}\ge\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^4\)
Ta có \(a^4+b^4\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2}\ge\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\right)^2}{2}=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^4}{8}\). Áp dụng cho biểu thức A, suy ra \(A\ge\dfrac{\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+y^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+2\right)^4}{8}\). Ta tìm GTNN của \(P=x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+y^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+2\). Ta có
\(P=x^2+\dfrac{1}{16x^2}+y^2+\dfrac{1}{16y^2}+\dfrac{15}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\right)+2\)
\(P\ge2\sqrt{x^2.\dfrac{1}{16x^2}}+2\sqrt{y^2.\dfrac{1}{16y^2}}+\dfrac{15}{16}\left(\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2}{2}\right)+2\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{15}{16}.\left(\dfrac{4^2}{2}\right)+2\) \(=\dfrac{21}{2}\). Do đó \(P\ge\dfrac{21}{2}\) \(\Leftrightarrow A\ge\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{17}{2}+2\right)^4}{8}\). Vậy GTNN của A là \(\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{17}{2}+2\right)^4}{8}\), ĐTXR \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Lời giải:
Sửa: $x^2\geq y^2+z^2$
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
$P\geq \frac{y^2+z^2}{x^2}+\frac{7x^2}{2}.\frac{4}{y^2+z^2}+2007$
$=\frac{y^2+z^2}{x^2}+\frac{14x^2}{y^2+z^2}+2007$
$=\frac{y^2+z^2}{x^2}+\frac{x^2}{y^2+z^2}+\frac{13x^2}{y^2+z^2}+2007$
$\geq 2+\frac{13x^2}{y^2+z^2}+2007$ (áp dụng BĐT Cô-si)
$\geq 2+13+2007=2022$ (do $x^2\geq y^2+z^2$)
Vậy $P_{\min}=2022$
Hướng dẫn: đặt \(A=\dfrac{y^4}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}+\dfrac{z^4}{\left(y^2+z^2\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\dfrac{x^4}{\left(z^2+x^2\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)
Khi đó \(F-A=x-y+y-z+z-x=0\Rightarrow F=A\)
\(\Rightarrow2F=F+A=\sum\dfrac{x^4+y^4}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}\ge\sum\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2}{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}\ge\sum\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}{4\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow2F\ge\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}\Rightarrow F\ge\dfrac{x+y+z}{4}\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{1}{xy}=\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{1}{2xy}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2xy}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Schwarz : \(\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{1}{2xy}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+2xy}=\dfrac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}=4\)
Lại có \(\dfrac{1}{2xy}=\dfrac{2}{4xy}\ge\dfrac{2}{\left(x+y\right)^2}=2\)
Cộng vế với vế được P \(\ge6\) ("=" khi x = y = 1/2)
Vậy Min P = 6 <=> x = y = 1/2
Áp dụng bđt : \(\dfrac{1}{a}\)+ \(\dfrac{1}{b}\) ≥ \(\dfrac{4}{a+b}\)(dấu "=" xảy ra ⇔ a=b)
⇒ P= \(\dfrac{1}{x+1}\)+ \(\dfrac{1}{y+2}\) ≥ \(\dfrac{4}{x+1+y+2}\) = \(\dfrac{4}{3+3}\) = \(\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Vậy Pmin=\(\dfrac{3}{2}\) ; dấu '=" xảy ra ⇔ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=y+2\\x+y=3\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇔ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM:
\(P\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(zx+1\right)}{xyz}}\).
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM ta có:
\(xy+1=xy+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{xy}{4^4}}\).
Tương tự: \(yz+1\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{yz}{4^4}};zx+1\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{zx}{4^4}}\).
Do đó \(\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(zx+1\right)\ge125\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{\left(xyz\right)^2}{4^{12}}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(zx+1\right)}{xyz}\ge125\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{1}{4^{12}\left(xyz\right)^3}}\).
Mà \(xyz\le\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^3}{27}=\dfrac{1}{8}\)
Nên \(\dfrac{\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(zx+1\right)}{xyz}\ge125\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{8^3}{4^{12}}}=125\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{1}{2^{15}}}=\dfrac{125}{8}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{15}{2}\).
Vậy...
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM:
P≥33√(xy+1)(yz+1)(zx+1)xyz.
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM ta có:
xy+1=xy+14+14+14+14≥55√xy44.
Tương tự: yz+1≥55√yz44;zx+1≥55√zx44.
Do đó (xy+1)(yz+1)(zx+1)≥1255√(xyz)2412
⇒(xy+1)(yz+1)(zx+1)xyz≥1255√1412(xyz)3.
Mà xyz≤(x+y+z)327=18
Nên (xy+1)(yz+1)(zx+1)xyz≥1255√83412=1255√1215=1258
⇒P≥152.
\(A=\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{xy}+\dfrac{xy}{x^2+y^2}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{4xy}+\dfrac{xy}{x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{3\left(x^2+y^2\right)}{4xy}\)
\(A\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2\right)xy}{4xy\left(x^2+y^2\right)}}+\dfrac{3.2xy}{4xy}=\dfrac{5}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y\)
\(C=\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2-4xy}{xy}+\dfrac{6xy}{\left(x+y\right)^2}=\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{xy}+\dfrac{6xy}{\left(x+y\right)^2}-4\)
\(C=\dfrac{3\left(x+y\right)^2}{8xy}+\dfrac{6xy}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+\dfrac{5\left(x+y\right)^2}{8xy}-4\)
\(C\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{18xy\left(x+y\right)^2}{8xy\left(x+y\right)^2}}+\dfrac{5.4xy}{8xy}-4=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y\)
Vì \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x>y\\xy< 0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow x>0>y\)
Đặt \(y=-z\left(z>0\right)\) thì ta có:
\(P=\left(x+z\right)^2+\left(x+z+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2\)
\(\ge\left(x+z\right)^2+\left(x+z+\dfrac{4}{x+z}\right)^2\)
Đặt \(x+z=a\) thì ta có:
\(P\ge a^2+\left(a+\dfrac{4}{a}\right)^2=2a^2+\dfrac{16}{a^2}+8\)
\(\ge8+2\sqrt{2a^2.\dfrac{16}{a^2}}=8+8\sqrt{2}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=z\\2a^2=\dfrac{16}{a^2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow x=z=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt[4]{2}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt[4]{2}}\\y=-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt[4]{2}}\end{matrix}\right.\)