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\(A=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{2}{2\sqrt{xy}}\ge\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{2}{x+y}=2\left(\dfrac{1}{2x}+\dfrac{1}{x+y}\right)\ge2.\dfrac{4}{2x+x+y}=\dfrac{8}{3x+y}\ge\dfrac{8}{4}=2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=1\)
\(1\ge x+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{y}}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{y}=a\Rightarrow0< a\le\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(P=\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{x}{y}\right)^2-\dfrac{2x}{y}+2}{\dfrac{x}{y}+1}=\dfrac{a^2-2a+2}{a+1}=\dfrac{4a^2-8a+8}{4\left(a+1\right)}=\dfrac{4a^2-13a+3+5\left(a+1\right)}{4\left(a+1\right)}\)
\(P=\dfrac{5}{4}+\dfrac{\left(1-4a\right)\left(3-a\right)}{4\left(a+1\right)}\ge\dfrac{5}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=\dfrac{1}{4}\) hay \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{2};2\right)\)
\(1\ge x+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{y}}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{x}\ge4\)
\(P=\dfrac{1-\dfrac{2y}{x}+2\left(\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2}{1+\dfrac{y}{x}}\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{y}{x}=a\ge4\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{2a^2-2a+1}{a+1}=2a-4+\dfrac{5}{a+1}\)
\(P=\dfrac{a+1}{5}+\dfrac{5}{a+1}+\dfrac{9}{5}.a-\dfrac{21}{5}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{5\left(a+1\right)}{5\left(a+1\right)}}+\dfrac{9}{5}.4-\dfrac{21}{5}=5\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=4\) hay \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{2};2\right)\)
Nguyễn Việt Lâm Giáo viên làm thế nào để có thể nghĩ được ra như vậy?
\(T=\frac{1}{1+x^2}+\frac{4}{4+y^2}+xy=\frac{y^2+4+4+4x^2}{\left(1+x^2\right)\left(4+y^2\right)}+xy=\frac{y^2+4x^4+4}{\left(1+x^2\right)\left(4+y^2\right)}+xy\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cosi:
\(y^2+4x^2\ge4xy\ge8\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}x^2+1\ge2x\\y^2+4\ge4y\end{cases}\Rightarrow\left(x^2+1\right)\left(y^2+4\right)\ge8xy\ge16}\)
=> \(\frac{y^2+4x^2+8}{\left(x^2+1\right)\left(y^2+4\right)}\ge\frac{8}{16}=\frac{1}{2}\)
=> \(T\ge\frac{1}{2}+2=\frac{5}{2}\)
\(Min_T=\frac{5}{2}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}y=2x\\xy=2\end{cases}}\) <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=-1\\y=-2\end{cases}}\)hoặc \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=2\end{cases}}\)