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\(a=\frac{1}{8}\left(4\sqrt{\sqrt{2}+\frac{1}{8}}-\sqrt{2}\right)>\frac{1}{8}\left(4-\sqrt{2}\right)>0\)
\(a^2=\frac{1}{4}\left(\sqrt{2}+\frac{1}{8}\right)+\frac{1}{32}-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{8}\sqrt{\sqrt{2}+\frac{1}{8}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{4}+\frac{1}{16}-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{8}\sqrt{\sqrt{2}+\frac{1}{8}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{4}-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{4}\left(\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{\sqrt{2}+\frac{1}{8}}-\frac{1}{8}\sqrt{2}\right)\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{4}-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{4}a< \frac{\sqrt{2}}{4}< \sqrt{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow2\sqrt{2}a^2=1-a\Rightarrow a=1-2\sqrt{2}a^2\)
\(\Rightarrow A=a^2+\sqrt{a^4+a+1}=a^2+\sqrt{a^4-2\sqrt{2}a^2+2}\)
\(=a^2+\sqrt{\left(a^2-\sqrt{2}\right)^2}=a^2+\left|a^2-\sqrt{2}\right|=a^2+\sqrt{2}-a^2=\sqrt{2}\)
Bài 1
a) \(P=\frac{3a+\sqrt{9a}-3}{a+\sqrt{a}-2}-\frac{\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{a}+2}+\frac{\sqrt{a}-2}{1-\sqrt{a}}\) (ĐK : x\(\ge0\) ; x\(\ne\) 1)
\(=\frac{3a+\sqrt{9a}-3}{\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}-\frac{\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{a}+2}-\frac{\sqrt{a}-2}{\sqrt{a}-1}\)
\(=\frac{3a+\sqrt{9a}-3-\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)-\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{3a+\sqrt{9a}-3-a+1-a+4}{\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{a+3\sqrt{a}+2}{\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{a}-1}\)
b) \(P=\frac{\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{a}-1}=\frac{\sqrt{a}-1+2}{\sqrt{a}-1}=1+\frac{2}{\sqrt{a}-1}\)
Vậy để P là số nguyên thì: \(\sqrt{a}-1\inƯ\left(2\right)\)
Mà Ư(2)={-1;1;2;-1}
=> \(\sqrt{a}-1\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2\right\}\)
Ta có bảng sau:
| \(\sqrt{a}-1\) | 1 | -1 | 2 | -2 |
| a | 4 | 0 | 9 | \(\sqrt{a}=-1\) (ktm) |
vậy a={0;4;9} thì P nguyên
Bài 2
\(P=\frac{\sqrt{a+4\sqrt{a-4}}+\sqrt{a-4\sqrt{a-4}}}{\sqrt{1-\frac{8}{a}+\frac{16}{a^2}}}\)(ĐK:a\(\ge\)8)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{\left(a-4\right)+4\sqrt{a-4}+4}+\sqrt{\left(a-4\right)-4\sqrt{a-4}+4}}{\sqrt{\left(1-\frac{4}{a}\right)^2}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{a-4}+2\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{a-4}-2\right)^2}}{1-\frac{4}{a}}\)
\(=\sqrt{a-4}+2+\sqrt{a-4}-2:\frac{a-4}{a}\)
\(=2\sqrt{a-4}\cdot\frac{a}{a-4}\)
\(=\frac{2a}{\sqrt{a-4}}\)
Ta có : \(a=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{\sqrt{2}+\frac{1}{8}}-\frac{1}{8}\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow8a=4\sqrt{\sqrt{2}+\frac{1}{8}}-\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow8a+\sqrt{2}=4\sqrt{\sqrt{2}+\frac{1}{8}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(8a+\sqrt{2}\right)^2=16\left(\sqrt{2}+\frac{1}{8}\right)\) \(\Leftrightarrow64a^2+16\sqrt{2}a+2=16\left(\sqrt{2}+\frac{1}{8}\right)\Leftrightarrow64a^2+16\sqrt{2}a+2=16\sqrt{2}+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4a^2+\sqrt{2}a=\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow4a^2=\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{2}a\)
Đặt \(Y=\sqrt{a^4+a+1}-a^2\) \(\Rightarrow XY=a+1\Leftrightarrow X.\left(-Y\right)=-\left(a+1\right)\) (1)
\(X+\left(-Y\right)=2a^2=\frac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{2}a}{2}=\frac{1-a}{\sqrt{2}}\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra X và Y là hai nghiệm của phương trình \(t^2+\frac{1-a}{\sqrt{2}}.t-\left(a+1\right)=0\)
Giải phương trình trên được \(t_1=-\sqrt{2}\) ; \(t_2=-\frac{x+1}{\sqrt{2}}\)
Suy ra : \(X=\sqrt{2}\) (vì X > 0)
