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\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge6\)
=> \(-\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\le-6\)
=> \(-\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\le-6.\frac{3}{2}\)
=> \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\)
=> \(1+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{a}+1+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}+1\ge9\)
=> \(\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\right)\ge6\)(1)
Dễ thấy \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge2\)(với a,b > 0)
=> (1) đúng
=> BĐTđược chứng minh
b)Đặt \(A=a+b+c+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\left(a,b,c>0\right)\).
\(A=4\left(a+b+c\right)-3\left(a+b+c\right)+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\).
\(A=\left(4a+\frac{1}{a}\right)+\left(4b+\frac{1}{b}\right)+\left(4c+\frac{1}{c}\right)-3\left(a+b+c\right)\).
Vì \(a>0\)nên áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô-si cho 2 số dương, ta được:
\(4a+\frac{1}{a}\ge2\sqrt{4.a.\frac{1}{a}}=4\left(1\right)\).
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow4a=\frac{1}{a}\Leftrightarrow a=\frac{1}{2}\).
Chứng minh tương tự, ta được:
\(4b+\frac{1}{b}\ge4\left(b>0\right)\left(2\right)\).
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow b=\frac{1}{2}\).
Chứng minh tương tự, ta được:
\(4c+\frac{1}{c}\ge4\left(c>0\right)\left(3\right)\).
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow c=\frac{1}{2}\).
Từ \(\left(1\right),\left(2\right),\left(3\right)\), ta được:
\(\left(4a+\frac{1}{a}\right)+\left(4b+\frac{1}{b}\right)+\left(4c+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge4+4+4=12\).
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(4a+\frac{1}{a}\right)+\left(4b+\frac{1}{b}\right)+\left(4c+\frac{1}{c}\right)-3\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\)\(12-3\left(a+b+c\right)\).
\(\Leftrightarrow A\ge12-3\left(a+b+c\right)\left(4\right)\).
Mặt khác, ta có: \(a+b+c\le\frac{3}{2}\).
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a+b+c\right)\le\frac{9}{2}\).
\(\Rightarrow-3\left(a+b+c\right)\ge-\frac{9}{2}\).
\(\Leftrightarrow12-3\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\frac{15}{2}\left(5\right)\).
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c=\frac{3}{2}\).
Từ \(\left(4\right)\)và \(\left(5\right)\), ta được:
\(A\ge\frac{15}{2}\).
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{2}\).
Vậy với \(a,b,c>0\)và \(a+b+c\le\frac{3}{2}\)thì \(a+b+c+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{15}{2}\).
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1.
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô-si thôi:
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=\frac{a+b}{ab}\ge\frac{2\sqrt{ab}}{ab}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{ab}}\ge\frac{2}{\frac{a+b}{2}}=\frac{4}{a+b}\)
Dấu "=" khi a = b
2.
Vì a,b,c là ba cạnh tam giác nên dễ thấy các mẫu số dương.
Áp dụng câu 1 ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a+b-c}+\frac{1}{c+a-b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b-c+c+a-b}=\frac{4}{2a}=\frac{2}{a}\)
Tương tự:
\(\frac{1}{c+a-b}+\frac{1}{b+c-a}\ge\frac{4}{2c}=\frac{2}{c}\)
\(\frac{1}{b+c-a}+\frac{1}{a+b-c}\ge\frac{4}{2b}=\frac{2}{b}\)
Cộng theo vế ta được:
\(2\left(\frac{1}{a+b-c}+\frac{1}{b+c-a}+\frac{1}{c+a-b}\right)\ge2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a+b-c}+\frac{1}{b+c-a}+\frac{1}{c+a-b}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b = c hay tam giác đó đều.
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Ta có : \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}=1\) (1)
Ta có : a+b+c khác 0
do nếu a+b+c=0=>\(\frac{a}{-a}+\frac{b}{-b}+\frac{c}{-c}=1\)=>-3=1(Vô lí)
do a+b+c khác 0 nên ta nhân (a+b+c) vào (1)
=>\(\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=a+b+c\)
=>\(\frac{a^2+a\left(b+c\right)}{b+c}+\frac{b^2+b\left(c+a\right)}{c+a}+\frac{c\left(a+b\right)+c^2}{a+b}=a+b+c\)
=>\(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+a+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+b+\frac{c^2}{a+b}+c=a+b+c\)
=>\(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}=0\)(ĐPCM)
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Theo bđt AM GM Ta có : \(\hept{\begin{cases}1+a^2\ge2a\\1+b^2\ge2b\\1+c^2\ge2c\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{a}{1+b^2}\le\frac{a}{2a}=\frac{1}{2}\left(1\right)\\\frac{b}{1+b^2}\le\frac{b}{2b}=\frac{1}{2}\left(2\right)\\\frac{c}{1+c^2}\le\frac{c}{2c}=\frac{1}{2}\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)
Cộng vế với vế của (1) ; (2); (3) ta được :
\(\frac{a}{1+a^2}+\frac{b}{1+c^2}+\frac{c}{1+c^2}\le\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\) (đpcm)
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Bài làm :
Ta có :
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2ab+2bc+2ac=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab+bc+ac}{abc}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab}{abc}+\frac{bc}{abc}+\frac{ac}{abc}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=-\frac{1}{c}\left(1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)^3=\left(-\frac{1}{c}\right)^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{3}{ab}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)=-\frac{1}{c^3}\left(2\right)\)
Thay (1) vào (2) ; ta được :
\(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}-\frac{3}{abc}=-\frac{1}{c^3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{3}{abc}\)
=> Điều phải chứng minh
Ta có \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2ab+2ac+2bc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(ab+ac+bc\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+ac+bc=0\)
Ta lại có giả sử
\(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{3}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^3b^3+b^3c^3+c^3a^3}{a^3b^3c^3}=\frac{3}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^3b^3+b^3c^3+c^3a^3}{a^2b^2c^2}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3b^3+b^3c^3+c^3a^3=3.a^2b^2c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3b^3+b^3c^3+c^3a^3-3.a^2b^2c^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc+ac\right)^3-3ca\left(ab+bc\right)\left(ab+bc+ac\right)-3ab^3c\left(-ac\right)-3a^2b^2c^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0+3a^2b^2c^2-3a^2b^2c^2+0=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0=0\left(lđ\right)\)
Vậy bất đẳng thức được chứng minh
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\(\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=a+b+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\right)+\frac{ab}{c+a}+\frac{ac}{a+b}+\frac{ab}{b+c}+\frac{bc}{a+b}+\frac{ac}{b+c}+\frac{bc}{c+a}=a+b+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\right)+\frac{ab+bc}{c+a}+\frac{ac+bc}{a+b}+\frac{ab+ac}{b+c}=a+b+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\right)+a+b+c=a+b+c\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}=0\)
ta có : (a+b)2\(\ge0\)\(\forall a,b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2\ge2ab\) (1)
cm tương tự : b2+c2\(\ge2bc\)(2)
c2+a2\(\ge2ac\)(3)
Cộng vế vế (1),(2) và (3):
\(\Leftrightarrow\)a2+b2+b2+c2+c2+a2\(\ge2ab+2ac+2bc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)2(a2+b2+c2)\(\ge2ab+2ac+2bc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)2(a2+b2+c2)+a2+b2+c2\(\ge a^2\)+b2+c2+2ab+2ac+2bc
\(\Leftrightarrow\)3(a2+b2+c2)\(\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)a2+b2+c2\(\ge\frac{1}{3}\)