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Ta có:
\(ab+bc+ca+abc=4\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a+2}+\frac{1}{b+2}+\frac{1}{c+2}=1\) ( cái này cơ bản )
Theo AM - GM:
\(\left(a+b\right)^2+20=\left[\left(a+b\right)^2+4\right]+16\ge4\left(a+b\right)+16=4\left[\left(a+2\right)+\left(b+2\right)\right]\)
Áp dụng Cauchy Schwarz:
\(P\le\Sigma\frac{4}{4\left[\left(a+2\right)+\left(b+2\right)\right]}=\Sigma\frac{1}{\left(a+2\right)+\left(b+2\right)}\le\frac{1}{4}\Sigma\left(\frac{1}{a+2}+\frac{1}{b+2}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra tại a=b=c=1
Lời giải:
Đặt \((a+1,b+1,c+1)=(x,y,z)\Rightarrow (a,b,c)=(x-1,y-1,z-1)\)
Khi đó:
\(ab+bc+ac+abc=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x-1)(y-1)+(y-1)(z-1)+(z-1)(x-1)+(x-1)(y-1)(z-1)=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xyz-(x+y+z)+2=2\Leftrightarrow xyz=x+y+z\)
Vậy bài toán trở thành: Cho $x,y,z>0$ thỏa mãn \(x+y+z=xyz\)
Tìm max \(P=\sum \frac{x}{x^2+1}\)
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Ta có: \(x+y+z=xyz\Rightarrow x(x+y+z)=x^2yz\)
\(\Rightarrow x(x+y+z)+yz=yz(x^2+1)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x+y)(x+z)=yz(x^2+1)\Rightarrow x^2+1=\frac{(x+y)(x+z)}{yz}\)
Do đó: \(\frac{x}{x^2+1}=\frac{x}{\frac{(x+y)(x+z)}{yz}}=\frac{xyz}{(x+y)(x+z)}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\sum \frac{x}{x^2+1}=\sum \frac{xyz}{(x+y)(x+z)}=\frac{2xyz(x+y+z)}{(x+y)(y+z)(x+z)}\)
Theo BĐT AM-GM:
\((x+y)(y+z)(x+z)=(x+y+z)(xy+yz+xz)-xyz\)
\(\geq (x+y+z).(xy+yz+xz)-\frac{(x+y+z)(xy+yz+xz)}{9}=\frac{8}{9}(x+y+z)(xy+yz+xz)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\leq \frac{2xyz(x+y+z)}{\frac{8}{9}(x+y+z)(xy+yz+xz)}=\frac{9}{4}.\frac{xyz}{xy+yz+xz}(*)\)
Mà: \((xy+yz+xz)^2\geq 3xyz(x+y+z)=3(xyz)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow xy+yz+xz\geq \sqrt{3}xyz(**)\)
Từ \((*);(**)\Rightarrow P\leq \frac{9}{4}.\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\). Vậy \(P_{\max}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\)
\(P\le\dfrac{a}{2\sqrt{a^2bc}}+\dfrac{b}{2\sqrt{b^2ca}}+\dfrac{c}{2\sqrt{c^2ab}}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{bc}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{ca}}\right)\)
\(P\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\right)\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{abc}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=3\)
Áp dụng cosi:
`a^2+bc>=2a\sqrt{bc}`
Hoàn toàn tương tự:
`=>P<=1/2(1/sqrt{ab}+1/sqrt{bc}+1/sqrt{ca})`
Áp dụng cosi:
`1/a+1/b+1/c>=1/sqrt(ab)+1/sqrt(bc)+1/sqrt(ca)`
`=>P<=1/2(1/a+1/b+1/c)`
`=>P<=1/2((ab+bc+ca)/(abc))<=(a^2+b^2+c^2)/(2(abc))=1/2`
Dấu "=" `<=>a=b=c=3`
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}}< =\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2ab-ab}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}\)
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{b^2-bc+c^2}}< =\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{bc}};\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{c^2-ac+c^2}}< =\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{ac}}\)
=>P<=1/a+1/b+1/c=3
Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
Đề bài có nhầm lẫn gì ko nhỉ?
\(T=\dfrac{ab}{a^2+b^2+ab}+\dfrac{bc}{b^2+c^2+2bc}+\dfrac{ca}{c^2+a^2+ca}\le\dfrac{ab}{2ab+ab}+\dfrac{bc}{2bc+bc}+\dfrac{ca}{2ca+ca}=1\)
\(\dfrac{4}{3}\le a+\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt[3]{abc}=a+\sqrt[]{\dfrac{a}{2}.2b}+\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a}{4}.b.4c}\)
\(\le a+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{2}+2b\right)+\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{a}{4}+b+4c\right)=\dfrac{4}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow Q\ge1\)
\(Q_{min}=1\) khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\dfrac{16}{21};\dfrac{4}{21};\dfrac{1}{21}\right)\)
\(ab\left(a+b\right)=a^2+b^2-ab\Rightarrow ab=\dfrac{a^2+b^2-ab}{a+b}\)
\(A=\dfrac{a^3+b^3}{a^3b^3}=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2-ab\right)}{a^3b^3}=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)ab\left(a+b\right)}{a^3b^3}=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a^2b^2}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{a+b}{ab}\right)^2=\left(\dfrac{a+b}{\dfrac{a^2+b^2-ab}{a+b}}\right)^2=\left(\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a^2+b^2-ab}\right)^2\)
Ta có: \(a^2+b^2-ab>0;\forall a;b\ne0\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a^2+b^2-ab}\ge0\)
\(\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a^2+b^2-ab}=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+2ab}{a^2+b^2-ab}=\dfrac{4\left(a^2+b^2-ab\right)-3\left(a^2+b^2-2ab\right)}{a^2+b^2-ab}=4-\dfrac{3\left(a-b\right)^2}{a^2+b^2-ab}\le4\)
\(\Rightarrow0\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a^2+b^2-ab}\le4\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le16\)
\(A_{max}=16\) khi \(a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Với mọi a;b dương ta có:
\(a^4+b^4\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2\right).\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge\dfrac{1}{2}.2ab.\left(a^2+b^2\right)=ab\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
Và: \(a^3+b^3=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2-ab\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)\left(2ab-ab\right)=ab\left(a+b\right)\)
Do đó:
\(A\le\sum\dfrac{ab}{ab\left(a^2+b^2\right)+ab}+2020=\sum\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+1}+2020\)
Đặt \(\left(a^2;b^2;c^2\right)=\left(x^3;y^3;z^3\right)\Rightarrow xyz=1\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le\sum\dfrac{1}{x^3+y^3+1}+2020\le\sum\dfrac{1}{xy\left(x+y\right)+1}+2020\)
\(A\le\sum\dfrac{xyz}{xy\left(x+y\right)+xyz}+2020=\sum\dfrac{z}{x+y+z}+2020=1+2020=2021\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)