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1. Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy dạng Engle, ta có :
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{9}{a+b+c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
\(\frac{1}{3}\left(a^3+b^3+a+b\right)+ab\le a^2+b^2+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2+1-ab\right)+ab\le a^2+b^2+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+b^2+1\right)\left(\frac{a+b}{3}-1\right)-ab\left(\frac{a+b}{3}-1\right)\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+b^2+1-ab\right)\left(\frac{a+b}{3}-1\right)\le0\)
Vì a, b dương \(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+1-ab>0\Rightarrow\left(\frac{a+b}{3}-1\right)\le0\Leftrightarrow a+b\le3\)
\(M=\frac{a^2+8}{a}+\frac{b^2+2}{b}=a+\frac{8}{a}+b+\frac{2}{b}=2a+2b+\frac{8}{a}+\frac{2}{b}-\left(a+b\right)\ge8+4-3=9\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho a ; b dương
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=2;b=1\)
Nhân cả 2 vế với a+b+c
Chứng minh \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge2\) tương tự với \(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b};\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}-2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2-2ab+b^2}{ab}\ge0\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{ab}\ge0\)luôn đúng do a;b>0
dễ rồi nhé
b) \(P=\frac{x}{x+1}+\frac{y}{y+1}+\frac{z}{z+1}\)
\(P=\left(\frac{x+1}{x+1}+\frac{y+1}{y+1}+\frac{z+1}{z+1}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\)
\(P=\left(1+1+1\right)-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\)
\(P=3-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy Schwarz dạng Engel (mình nói bđt như vậy,chỗ này bạn cứ nói theo cái bđt đề bài cho đi) ta được:
\(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{x+1+y+1+z+1}=\frac{9}{4}\)
=>\(P=3-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\le3-\frac{9}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
=>Pmax=3/4 <=> x=y=z=1/3
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{abc}\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab+bc+ac}{abc}=\frac{1}{abc}\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac=1\)
\(A=\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+c^2\right)=\left(a+b\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2\left(c+a\right)^2\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{abc}\Leftrightarrow1=\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right).abc\Leftrightarrow1=bc+ac+ab\)
\(A=\left(bc+ac+ab+a^2\right)\left(bc+ac+ab+b^2\right)\left(bc+ac+ab+c^2\right)\)
\(A=\left[c\left(a+b\right)+a\left(a+b\right)\right]\left[c\left(a+b\right)+b\left(a+b\right)\right]\left[c\left(c+b\right)+a\left(c+b\right)\right]\)
\(A=\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\)
\(A=\left(a+b\right)^2\left(a+c\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2\)
từ đẳng thức: a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc
suy ra a=b=c hoặc a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+ac+bc=0
thay vào bt M
tìm được M=8 hoặc M=-1
hok tốt
\(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+3a^2b+3b^2a+c^3-3a^2b-3b^2a-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-c\left(a+b\right)+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a+b+c=0\\a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a+b+c=0\\\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a+b+c=0\\a=b=c\end{cases}}\).Với a+b+c=0 thì \(\hept{\begin{cases}a+b=-c\\b+c=-a\\c+a=-b\end{cases}\Rightarrow}M=\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{abc}=-1\)
Với a=b=c thì \(M=8\)
Vì \(a\le b\le c=>\frac{1}{a}\ge\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{1}{c}=>1+\frac{1}{a}\ge1+\frac{1}{b}\ge1+\frac{1}{c}\)
\(=>\left(1+\frac{1}{a}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge3\left(1+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(=>3\left(1+\frac{1}{c}\right)\le3=>1+\frac{1}{c}\le1=>\frac{1}{c}\le0=>1\le0\)
Đề sai thì phải bn à
\(P=\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^3\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ac}{b^2\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\left(abc=1\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{a^2\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{b}\right)}+\frac{1}{b^2\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)}+\frac{1}{c^2\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{a}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}}{\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{b}}+\frac{\frac{1}{b^2}}{\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}}+\frac{\frac{1}{c^2}}{\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{a}}\)
Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix}\frac{1}{a}=x\\\frac{1}{b}=y\\\frac{1}{c}=z\end{matrix}\right.\) suy ra \(xyz=1\). Khi đó:
\(P=\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{y^2}{z+x}+\frac{z^2}{x+y}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix}\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{y+z}{4}\ge x\\\frac{y^2}{x+z}+\frac{x+z}{4}\ge y\\\frac{z^2}{x+y}+\frac{x+y}{4}\ge z\end{matrix}\right.\).Cộng theo vế ta có:
\(P+\frac{x+y+z}{2}\ge x+y+z\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{x+y+z}{2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(x+y+z\ge3\sqrt[3]{xyz}=3\right)\)
Xí trước phần b
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{abc}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{abc}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{abc}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{bc}{a^2b+ca^2}+\frac{ca}{b^2c+ab^2}+\frac{ab}{c^2a+bc^2}\)
\(=\frac{b^2c^2}{a^2b^2c+a^2bc^2}+\frac{c^2a^2}{ab^2c^2+a^2b^2c}+\frac{a^2b^2}{a^2bc^2+ab^2c^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(bc\right)^2}{ab+ca}+\frac{\left(ca\right)^2}{bc+ab}+\frac{\left(ab\right)^2}{ca+bc}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(bc+ca+ab\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(a=b=c=1\)
Cách làm khác của phần b ngắn gọn hơn:)
Ta có; \(\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}}{a\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{\frac{1}{b^2}}{b\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{\frac{1}{c^2}}{c\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}\right)^2}{ab+ca}+\frac{\left(\frac{1}{b}\right)^2}{bc+ab}+\frac{\left(\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{ca+bc}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{\left(\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: a = b = c = 1
Đặt \(\left(\frac{a-b}{c},\frac{b-c}{a},\frac{c-a}{b}\right)\rightarrow\left(x,y,z\right)\)
Khi đó:\(\left(\frac{c}{a-b},\frac{a}{b-c},\frac{b}{c-a}\right)\rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{x},\frac{1}{y},\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
Ta có:
\(P\cdot Q=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=3+\frac{y+z}{x}+\frac{z+x}{y}+\frac{x+y}{z}\)
Mặt khác:\(\frac{y+z}{x}=\left(\frac{b-c}{a}+\frac{c-a}{b}\right)\cdot\frac{c}{a-b}=\frac{b^2-bc+ac-a^2}{ab}\cdot\frac{c}{a-b}\)
\(=\frac{c\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a-b\right)}{ab\left(a-b\right)}=\frac{c\left(c-a-b\right)}{ab}=\frac{2c^2}{ab}\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự:\(\frac{x+z}{y}=\frac{2a^2}{bc}\left(2\right)\)
\(=\frac{x+y}{z}=\frac{2b^2}{ac}\left(3\right)\)
Từ ( 1 );( 2 );( 3 ) ta có:
\(P\cdot Q=3+\frac{2c^2}{ab}+\frac{2a^2}{bc}+\frac{2b^2}{ac}=3+\frac{2}{abc}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
Ta có:\(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3=-c^3\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)=-c^3\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
Khi đó:\(P\cdot Q=3+\frac{2}{abc}\cdot3abc=9\)
đây là 1 sự nhầm lẫn đối với các bạn nhác tìm dấu = :))
Sử dụng BĐT Svacxo ta có :
\(\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ac}\ge\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\frac{9}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(=\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\frac{18}{2ab+2bc+2ca}\ge\frac{\left(1+\sqrt{18}\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca}\)
\(=\frac{19+\sqrt{72}}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{25\sqrt{2}}{1}=25\sqrt{2}\)
bài làm của e :
Áp dụng BĐT Svacxo ta có :
\(Q\ge\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\frac{9}{ab+bc+ca}=\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\frac{1}{ab+bc+ca}+\frac{1}{ab+bc+ca}+\frac{7}{ab+bc+ca}\)
Theo hệ quả của AM-GM thì : \(ab+bc+ca\le\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(< =>\frac{7}{ab+bc+ca}\ge\frac{7}{\frac{1}{3}}=21\)
Tiếp tục sử dụng Svacxo thì ta được :
\(\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\frac{1}{ab+bc+ca}+\frac{1}{ab+bc+ca}+\frac{7}{ab+bc+ca}\ge\frac{9}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}+21=30\)
Vậy \(Min_P=30\)đạt được khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Và đương nhiên cách bạn dcv_new chỉ đúng với \(k\ge2\) ở bài:
https://olm.vn/hoi-dap/detail/259605114604.html
Thực ra bài Min \(\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\frac{9}{ab+bc+ca}\) khi a + b + c = 1
chỉ là hệ quả của bài \(\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\frac{k}{ab+bc+ca}\) khi \(a+b+c\le1\)
Ngoài ra nếu \(k< 2\) thì min là: \(\left(1+\sqrt{2k}\right)^2\)