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Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=2b+2c-a\\y=2c+2a-b\\z=2a+2b-c\end{cases}}\)
Vì a,b,c là độ dài ba cạnh của 1 tam giác nên \(x,y,z>0\)
Khi đó :
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=\frac{2y+2z-x}{9}\\b=\frac{2z+2x-y}{9}\\c=\frac{2x+2y-z}{9}\end{cases}}\)
Ta có bất đẳng thức mới theo ẩn x,y,z :
\(\frac{2y+2z-x}{9x}+\frac{2z+2x-y}{9y}+\frac{2x+2y-z}{9z}\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{9}\left(\frac{y}{x}+\frac{z}{x}\right)+\frac{2}{9}\left(\frac{z}{y}+\frac{x}{y}\right)+\frac{2}{9}\left(\frac{x}{z}+\frac{y}{z}\right)-\frac{1}{3}\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{9}\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)+\frac{2}{9}\left(\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{y}\right)+\frac{2}{9}\left(\frac{z}{x}+\frac{x}{z}\right)-\frac{1}{3}\ge1\)
Ta chứng minh bất đẳng thức phụ sau :
\(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge2\forall a,b>0\)
Thật vậy : \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{ab}+\frac{b^2}{ab}\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}-2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2+b^2-2ab}{ab}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{ab}\ge0\)(luôn đúng \(\forall a,b>0\))
Áp dụng , ta được :
\(\frac{2}{9}.2+\frac{2}{9}.2+\frac{2}{9}.2-\frac{1}{3}\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{12}{9}-\frac{1}{3}\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{9}{9}\ge1\)(đúng)
Vậy bất đẳng thức được chứng minh
\(\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a+2b\right)\left(b+2c\right)}+\dfrac{a+2b}{27}+\dfrac{b+2c}{27}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^3\left(a+2b\right)\left(b+2c\right)}{27^2.\left(a+2b\right)\left(b+2c\right)}}=\dfrac{a}{3}\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{b^3}{\left(b+2c\right)\left(c+2a\right)}+\dfrac{b+2c}{27}+\dfrac{c+2a}{27}\ge\dfrac{b}{3}\)
\(\dfrac{c^3}{\left(c+2a\right)\left(a+2b\right)}+\dfrac{c+2a}{27}+\dfrac{a+2b}{27}\ge\dfrac{c}{3}\)
Cộng vế:
\(VT+\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{9}\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{9}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=0\)
=> bc+ac+ab=0
ta có
\(bc+ac=-ab\)
<=> \(\left(bc+ac\right)^2=a^2b^2\)
<=> \(b^2c^2+a^2c^2+2abc^2=a^2b^2\)
<=> \(b^2c^2+a^2c^2-a^2b^2=-2abc^2\)
tương tự
\(a^2b^2+b^2c^2-c^2a^2=-2ab^2c\)
\(c^2a^2+a^2b^2-b^2c^2=-2a^2bc\)
thay vào E ta đc
\(E=\dfrac{-a^2b^2c^2}{2ab^2c}-\dfrac{a^2b^2c^2}{2abc^2}-\dfrac{a^2b^2c^2}{2a^2bc}\)
=\(-\dfrac{ac}{2}-\dfrac{ab}{2}-\dfrac{bc}{2}=\dfrac{-\left(ac+ab+bc\right)}{2}=0\) (vì ac+bc+ab=0 cmt)
bạn để ý trong ngoăcj có +2b^2c^2 đó bạn
Vì +2b^2c^2 - 4b^2c^2 = -2b^2c^2
\(B=a^4+b^4+c^4-2a^2b^2-2a^2c^2-2b^2c^2\)
\(=\left(a^4+b^4+c^4-2a^2b^2-2a^2c^2+2b^2c^2\right)-4b^2c^2\)
\(=\left(a^2-b^2-c^2\right)-\left(2bc\right)^2\)
\(=\left(a^2-b^2-c^2-2bc\right)\left(a^2-b^2-c^2+2bc\right)\)
\(=\left[a^2-\left(b+c\right)^2\right]\left[a^2-\left(b-c\right)^2\right]\)
\(=\left(a-b-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a-b+c\right)\left(a+b-c\right)\)
Vì a,b,c là độ dài 3 cạnh tam giác nên:
b+c>a => a-(b+c) < 0 => a-b-c < 0
a+b+c > 0
a+c>b => a+c-b > 0 => a-b+c > 0
a+b>c => a+b-c > 0
Do đó (a-b-c)(a+b+c)(a-b+c)(a+b-c) < 0 hay B<0 (đpcm)
Áp dụng BĐT
\(\dfrac{9}{x+y+z}\le\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{9abc}{a+3a+2c}\\ =\dfrac{9}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)+2b}\le\dfrac{ab}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{b+c}+\dfrac{4}{2}\)
Tương tự với 2 BĐT còn lại rồi cộng vế theo vế
=> 9 vế trái
\(\le\dfrac{ab}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{b+c}+\dfrac{bc}{a+b}+\dfrac{bc}{a+c}\\ +\dfrac{ca}{b+c}+\dfrac{ca}{a+b}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\\ =\dfrac{3\left(a+b+c\right)}{2}\\ \Rightarrow......._{\left(đpcm\right)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{2b+2c-a}=\dfrac{3a^2}{3a\left(2b+2c-a\right)}\ge\dfrac{3a^2}{\dfrac{\left(3a+2b+2c-a\right)^2}{4}}\)
\(\dfrac{12a^2}{\left(3a+2b+2c-a\right)^2}\)\(=\dfrac{12a^2}{\left(2a+2b+2c\right)^2}\)
Tương tự ta cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta cũng có:
\(\dfrac{b}{2a+2c-b}\ge\dfrac{12b^2}{\left(2a+2b+2c\right)^2};\dfrac{c}{2a+2b-c}\ge\dfrac{12c^2}{\left(2a+2b+2c\right)^2}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{12\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{4\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{4\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{4\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=1\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
\(\dfrac{a}{2b+2c-a}+\dfrac{b}{2c+2a-b}+\dfrac{c}{2a+2b-c}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2}{2ab+2ac-a^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{2bc+2ba-b^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{2ca+2cb-c^2}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-a^2-b^2-c^2}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2+a^2+b^2+c^2-a^2-b^2-c^2}=1\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi a = b = c