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\(\sum\)\(\frac{a}{1+a^2}\)\(\le\)\(\sum\)\(\frac{a}{2a}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a=b=c=1\)
\(VT=\frac{a^2}{ab+ca}+\frac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\frac{c^2}{ca+bc}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\frac{2}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a=b=c\)
sao olm ko hiện \(\sum\) ra nhỉ ? thoi mk ghi lại v
\(\frac{a}{1+a^2}\le\frac{a}{2a}=\frac{1}{2}\)
tương tự 2 cái kia cộng lại t có bđt cần cm
\(\frac{3}{2}\le\)\(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{a+c}+\frac{c}{a+b}\)
Đặt: b + c = x
a + c = y
a + b = z
Ta có: x + y - z = b + c + a + c - a - b = 2c
\(\frac{x+y-z}{2}=c\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{x+z-y}{2}=b\)
\(\frac{z+y-x}{2}=a\)
Khi đó: VP \(\ge\) \(\frac{z+y-x}{2x}+\frac{x+z-y}{2y}+\frac{x+y-z}{2z}\)
VP \(\ge\) \(\frac{z+y}{2x}-\frac{x}{2x}+\frac{x+z}{2y}-\frac{y}{2y}+\frac{x+y}{2z}-\frac{z}{2z}\)
VP \(\ge\) \(\frac{z+y}{2x}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{x+z}{2y}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{x+y}{2z}-\frac{1}{2}\)
VP \(\ge\) \(\frac{z+y}{2x}+\frac{x+z}{2y}+\frac{x+y}{2z}-\frac{3}{2}\)
VP \(\ge\) \(\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{z+y}{x}+\frac{x+z}{y}+\frac{x+y}{z}\right)-\frac{3}{2}\)
VP \(\ge\) \(\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{z}{x}+\frac{y}{x}+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{z}{y}+\frac{x}{z}+\frac{y}{z}\right)-\frac{3}{2}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{z}{x}+\frac{x}{z}\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{z^2}{x\text{z}}+\frac{x^2}{x\text{z}}\ge\frac{2xz}{x\text{z}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x^2-2xz+z^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(x-z\right)^2\ge0\) ( luôn đúng )
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\frac{z}{x}+\frac{x}{z}\ge2\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{y}{x}+\frac{x}{y}\ge2\)
\(\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{y}\ge2\)
\(\Rightarrow\)VP\(\ge\)\(\frac{1}{2}.6-\frac{3}{2}\)
VP\(\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\frac{3}{2}\le\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{a+c}+\frac{c}{a+b}\)
1) Áp dụng bđt \(\frac{x^2}{m}+\frac{y^2}{n}+\frac{z^2}{p}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{m+n+p}\) :
Ta có : \(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
Áp dụng bđt AM-GM ta có
\(abc\le\left(\frac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^3=1\)
\(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{a^2b^2c^2}}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{a^3b^3c^3}}=\frac{3}{abc}\)
Ta chứng minh: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\le\frac{3}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\le\frac{3}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca\le3=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\)(luôn đúng)
Vậy bđt được chứng minh
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
Dòng thứ 3 của Linh bị ngược dấu rồi.
Chứng minh các khác:
Có: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c}=3\) (@)
\(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{3}\)(1)
Ta chứng minh: \(\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{3}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)(2)
<=> \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge3\)đúng theo (@)
=> (2) đúng
Từ (1) ; (2) => \(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a = b = c = 1.
Ta có : \(a^2+\frac{1}{9}\ge\frac{2}{3}a\)
Suy ra
\(VT\le\Sigma\left(\frac{a}{\left(a^2+1\right)}\right)\le\Sigma\frac{a}{\frac{2}{3}a+\frac{8}{9}}=\Sigma\frac{9a}{6a+8}=\frac{9}{2}-\Sigma\frac{6}{4+3a}\le\frac{9}{2}-\frac{54}{12+3\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{9}{10}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Cách khác nhá.
Lời giải
Ta sẽ c/m:\(\frac{a}{a^2+1}\le\frac{18}{25}a+\frac{3}{50}\)
Thật vậy,ta có: BĐT \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{a^2+1}-\frac{18}{25}a-\frac{3}{50}\le0\)
Thật vậy:\(VT=\frac{-\left(4a+3\right)\left(3a-1\right)^2}{50\left(a^2+1\right)}\le0\forall x\)
Vậy \(\frac{a}{a^2+1}\le\frac{18}{25}a+\frac{3}{50}\).Thiết lập hai BĐT còn lại tương tự và cộng theo vế:
\(VT\le\frac{18}{25}\left(a+b+c\right)+\frac{9}{50}=\frac{9}{10}^{\left(đpcm\right)}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
#)Giải :
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy : \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{a}{1+b^2}=a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\ge a-\frac{ab}{2}\\\frac{b}{1+c^2}=b-\frac{bc^2}{1+c^2}\ge b-\frac{bc}{2}\\\frac{c}{1+a^2}=c-\frac{ca^2}{1+a^2}\ge c-\frac{ca}{2}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{1+b^2}+\frac{b}{1+c^2}+\frac{c}{1+a^2}\ge a+b+c-\frac{1}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge3-\frac{1}{6}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{1+b^2}+\frac{b}{1+c^2}+\frac{c}{1+a^2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Theo BĐT AM-GM:
\(\frac{a}{1+b^2}\)=a-\(\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\)\(\ge\)a-\(\frac{ab^2}{2b}\)=a-\(\frac{ab}{2}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{b}{1+c^2}\)\(\ge\)b-\(\frac{bc}{2}\);\(\frac{c}{1+a^2}\)\(\ge\)c-\(\frac{ca}{2}\)
Suy ra \(\frac{a}{1+b^2}\)+\(\frac{b}{1+c^2}\)+\(\frac{c}{1+a^2}\)\(\ge\)a+b+c-\(\frac{1}{2}\)(ab+bc+ca)
Mặt khác thì theo BĐT AM-GM:9=a2+b2+c2+2(ab+bc+ca)
=\(\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\)+\(\frac{b^2+c^2}{2}\)+\(\frac{c^2+a^2}{2}\)+2(ab+bc+ca)\(\ge\)3(ab+bc+ca)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{2}\)(ab+bc+ca)\(\le\)\(\frac{3}{2}\)
Cho nên \(\frac{a}{1+b^2}\)+\(\frac{b}{1+c^2}\)+\(\frac{c}{1+a^2}\)\(\ge\)a+b+c-\(\frac{3}{2}\)=3-\(\frac{3}{2}\)=\(\frac{3}{2}\)
Áp dụng Svac - xơ:
\(P\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
Cách khác:
Áp dụng Cauchy:
\(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b+c}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{b+c}.\frac{b+c}{4}}=a\)
\(\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c+a}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{b^2}{c+a}.\frac{c+a}{4}}=b\)
\(\frac{c^2}{a+b}+\frac{a+b}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{c^2}{a+b}.\frac{a+b}{4}}=c\)
Cộng các vế trên. ta được:
\(P+\frac{a+b+c}{2}\ge a+b+c\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
Mình dùng ''AM-GM ngược dấu'' như sau
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM ta có \(\frac{a}{1+b^2}=a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\ge a-\frac{ab^2}{2b}=a-\frac{ab}{2}\)
Tương tự với các phân thức khác rồi cộng vế theo vế ta được:
\(\frac{a}{1+b^2}+\frac{b}{1+c^2}+\frac{c}{1+a^2}\ge a+b+c-\left(\frac{ab}{2}+\frac{bc}{2}+\frac{ca}{2}\right)=3-\left(\frac{ab}{2}+\frac{bc}{2}+\frac{ca}{2}\right)\)
Mặt khác áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM \(9=\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\le\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy \(\frac{a}{1+b^2}+\frac{b}{1+c^2}+\frac{c}{1+a^2}\ge3-\frac{3}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\frac{a}{1+b^2}=\frac{a\left(1+b^2\right)-ab^2}{1+b^2}=a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\ge a-\frac{ab^2}{2b}=a-\frac{ab}{2}\)
Tương tự ta có \(\frac{b}{1+c^2}\ge b-\frac{bc}{2}\); \(\frac{c}{1+a^2}\ge c-\frac{ac}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge a+b+c-\frac{1}{2}\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\ge3-\frac{1}{6}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Toán lớp 7
cái này dễ để em làm cho:
\(1< \frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+a}< 2\)
ta có\(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+a}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)-b}{a+b}+\frac{\left(b+c\right)-c}{b+c}+\frac{\left(c+a\right)-a}{c+a}\)
\(=1-\frac{b}{a+b}+1-\frac{c}{b+c}+1-\frac{a}{c+a}\)
\(=3-\left(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{c+a}\right)\)
đặt E=\(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{c+a}\)
\(>\frac{b}{a+b+c}+\frac{c}{a+b+c}+\frac{a}{a+b+c}\)(1)
\(\Rightarrow E>1\)
\(\Rightarrow3-E< 2\)
CHỨNG MINH TƯƠNG TỰ \(\frac{A}{A+B}+\frac{B}{B+C}+\frac{C}{C+A}< 1NHƯ\left(1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)