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Lời giải:
BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương với:
$\frac{1}{bc(2a^2+bc)}+\frac{1}{ac(2b^2+ac)}+\frac{1}{ab(2c^2+ab)}\geq 1(*)$
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
$\frac{1}{bc(2a^2+bc)}+\frac{1}{ac(2b^2+ac)}+\frac{1}{ab(2c^2+ab)}\geq \frac{9}{bc(2a^2+bc)+ac(2b^2+ac)+ab(2c^2+ab)}=\frac{9}{(ab+bc+ac)^2}=\frac{9}{3^2}=1$
Do đó BĐT $(*)$ đúng. Ta có đpcm.
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=1$
Ta thấy: \(\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^2+bc}{abc\left(b^2+c^2\right)}}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a^2+bc}{\sqrt[3]{\left(a^2b+b^2c\right)\left(bc^2+ca^2\right)\left(c^2a+ab^2\right)}}\)
Ta lại có: \(\sqrt[3]{\left(a^2b+b^2c\right)\left(bc^2+ca^2\right)\left(c^2a+ab^2\right)}\le\frac{\left(a^2b+b^2c\right)+\left(bc^2+ca^2\right)+\left(c^2a+ab^2\right)}{3}=\frac{1}{3}\Sigma_{cyc}\left(ab\left(a+b\right)\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^2+bc}{abc\left(b^2+c^2\right)}}\ge\frac{\Sigma_{cyc}\left(a^2+bc\right)}{\frac{1}{3}\Sigma_{cyc}\left(ab\left(a+b\right)\right)}=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca}{\frac{1}{3}\Sigma_{cyc}\left(ab\left(a+b\right)\right)}\)
Nhận thấy: \(A=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca\right)=a^3+b^3+c^3+3abc+2\Sigma_{cyc}\left(ab\left(a+b\right)\right)\)
Theo Schur: \(a^3+b^3+c^3+3abc\ge\Sigma_{cyc}\left(ab\left(a+b\right)\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\ge3\Sigma_{cyc}\left(ab\left(a+b\right)\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^2+bc}{abc\left(b^2+c^2\right)}}\ge\frac{3\Sigma_{cyc}\left(ab\left(a+b\right)\right)}{\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\Sigma_{cyc}\left(ab\left(a+b\right)\right)}=\frac{9}{a+b+c}\)
Lời giải:
Ta thấy:
\(\text{VT}=(a+\frac{ca}{a+b})+(b+\frac{ab}{b+c})+(c+\frac{bc}{c+a})\)
\(=\frac{a(a+b+c)}{a+b}+\frac{b(a+b+c)}{b+c}+\frac{c(a+b+c)}{c+a}\)
\(=(a+b+c)\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+a}\right)\)
\(\geq (a+b+c).\frac{(a+b+c)^2}{a^2+ab+b^2+bc+c^2+ac}=\frac{(a+b+c)^3}{a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ac}\) (theo BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz)
Có:
$(a+b+c)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2(ab+bc+ac)=a^2+b^2+c^2+2$
$\Rightarrow a+b+c=\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2+2}=\sqrt{t+2}$ với $t=a^2+b^2+c^2$
Do đó:
$\text{VT}\geq \frac{\sqrt{(t+2)^3}}{t+1}$ \(=\sqrt{\frac{(t+2)^3}{(t+1)^2}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\((t+2)^3=\left(\frac{t+1}{2}+\frac{t+1}{2}+1\right)^3\geq 27.\frac{(t+1)^2}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}=\sqrt{\frac{(t+2)^3}{(t+1)^2}}\geq \sqrt{\frac{27}{4}}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}$
4.
\(\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}=\frac{a^4}{ab}+\frac{b^4}{bc}+\frac{c^4}{ac}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\ge\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}=ab+bc+ca\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
5.
\(\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{b}{ca}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{bc.ca}}=\frac{2}{c}\) ; \(\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{c}{ab}\ge\frac{2}{b}\) ; \(\frac{b}{ca}+\frac{c}{ab}\ge\frac{2}{a}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(2\left(\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{b}{ca}+\frac{c}{ab}\right)\ge2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{b}{ca}+\frac{c}{ab}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
1.
Áp dụng BĐT \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+zx\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{ab}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{bc}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{ca}\right)^2\ge\sqrt{ab}.\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ab}.\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bc}.\sqrt{ac}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge\sqrt{abc}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)\)
2.
\(\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}\ge2\sqrt[]{\frac{ab.bc}{ca}}=2b\) ; \(\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{ac}{b}\ge2a\) ; \(\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}\ge2c\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(2\left(\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}\right)\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}\ge a+b+c\)
3.
Từ câu b, thay \(c=1\) ta được:
\(ab+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{a}{b}\ge a+b+1\)
\(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=a-\frac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}\ge a-\frac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{3ab}=\frac{2a}{3}-\frac{b}{3}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}\ge\frac{2b}{3}-\frac{c}{3}\) ; \(\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\ge\frac{2c}{3}-\frac{a}{3}\)
Cộng vế với vế: \(VT\ge\frac{a+b+c}{3}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
\(3=ab+bc+ca\le\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge3\)
Ta có: \(\frac{a^3}{b^2+3}=\frac{a^3}{b^2+ab+bc+ca}=\frac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)
Mặt khác \(\frac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{a+b}{8}+\frac{b+c}{8}\ge\frac{3a}{4}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{b^3}{c^3+3}+\frac{a+c}{8}+\frac{b+c}{8}\ge\frac{3b}{4}\) ; \(\frac{c^3}{a^2+8}+\frac{a+b}{8}+\frac{a+c}{8}\ge\frac{3c}{4}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(P+\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\frac{3}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{3}+b^2+c^2+2bc-3bc-a\left(b+c\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{4}+\left(b+c\right)^2-a\left(b+c\right)+\frac{a^2}{12}-3bc\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a}{2}-b-c\right)^2+\frac{a^3-36abc}{12a}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a}{2}-b-c\right)^2+\frac{a^3-36}{12a}\ge0\)
Mà \(a^3>36\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a>0\\a^3-36>0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{a}{2}-b-c\right)^2+\frac{a^3-36}{12a}>0\)
Dấu "=" ko xảy ra nên BĐT đã cho sai