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a) Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{a-1}\) \(\geq\) 4(*)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) a2 \(\geq\) 4.(a-1)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) a2 \(\geq\) 4a-4
\(\Leftrightarrow\) a2-4a+4 \(\geq\) 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (a-2)2 \(\geq\) 0(**)
Ta có BĐT(**) luôn đúng nên suy ra BĐT(*) luôn đúng
Dấu = xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a=2
B) Áp dụng câu a ta được:
\(\dfrac{4a^2}{a-1}=4.\dfrac{a^2}{a-1}\) \(\geq\) 4.4=16(1)
\(\dfrac{5b^2}{b-1}=5.\dfrac{b^2}{b-1}\) \(\geq\) 5.4=20(2)
\(\dfrac{3c^2}{c-1}=3.\dfrac{c^2}{c-1}\) \(\geq\) 3.4=12(3)
Cộng các BĐT(1),(2),(3) ta được
\(\dfrac{4a^2}{a-1}+\dfrac{5b^2}{b-1}+\dfrac{3c^2}{c-1}\) \(\geq\) 16+20+12=48
Dấu = xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a=b=c=2
Đặt A= \(\dfrac{4a^2}{a-1}+\dfrac{8b^2}{b-1}+\dfrac{12c^2}{c-1}\)
Áp dụng BĐT đã CM ta có:
A= \(\dfrac{4a^2}{a-1}+\dfrac{8b^2}{b-1}+\dfrac{12c^2}{c-1}\) \(\geq\) 4.4+8.4+12.4=16+32+48=96
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\dfrac{4a^2}{a-1}+\dfrac{8b^2}{b-1}+\dfrac{12c^2}{c-1}\) \(\geq\) 96
hay A \(\geq\) 96
Dấu = xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a=b=c=2
Vậy MinA=96 khi và chỉ khi a=b=c=2
a)
Ta có :
\(\dfrac{a^2}{a-1}\ge4\) (1)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{a-1}\ge\dfrac{4a-4}{a-1}\left(\forall a-1\ne0\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2\ge4a-4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-4a+4\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-2\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng) (2)
BĐT (2) đúng suy ra BĐT (1) luôn đúng
Dấu bằng xảy ra chỉ khi và khi a = 2
Theo bất đẳng thức tam giác
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}a< b+c\\b< c+a\\c< a+b\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}b+c-a>0\\c+a-b>0\\a+b-c>0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\forall a,b>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}\ge\dfrac{2}{b}\\\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{1}{a+c-b}\ge\dfrac{2}{c}\\\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}+\dfrac{1}{a+c-b}\ge\dfrac{2}{a}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng theo từng vế
\(\Rightarrow2\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{1}{a+c-b}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{1}{a+c-b}\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\) ( đpcm )
\(1,Q=\dfrac{a^4-2a^2+a^3-2a+a^2-2}{a^4-2a^2+2a^3-4a+a^2-2}\\ Q=\dfrac{\left(a^2-2\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)}{\left(a^2-2\right)\left(a^2+2a+1\right)}=\dfrac{a^2+a+1}{a^2+2a+1}\)
\(Q=\dfrac{x^2+x+1}{\left(x+1\right)^2}-\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{x^2+x+1-\dfrac{3}{4}x^2-\dfrac{3}{2}x-\dfrac{3}{4}}{\left(x+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{3}{4}\\ Q=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{4}x^2-\dfrac{1}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{4}}{\left(x+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x-1\right)^2}{\left(x+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\\ Q_{min}=\dfrac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
\(2,\text{Từ GT }\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ayz+bxz+czy}{xyz}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow ayz+bxz+czy=0\\ \text{Ta có }\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}=1\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}\right)^2=1\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{xy}{ab}+\dfrac{yz}{bc}+\dfrac{zx}{ca}\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\cdot\dfrac{cxy+ayz+bzx}{abc}=1\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\cdot\dfrac{0}{abc}=1\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}=1\)
dạng này chắc chắc là phải dùng AM-GM ngược dấu rồi :)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1+b}{1+4a^2}=1+b-\dfrac{4a^2\left(b+1\right)}{4a^2+1}\ge1+b-\dfrac{4a^2\left(b+1\right)}{4a}=1+b-a\left(b+1\right)\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta có:
\(\dfrac{1+c}{1+4b^2}\ge1+c-b\left(c+1\right);\dfrac{1+a}{1+4c^2}\ge1+a-c\left(a+1\right)\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VT=\dfrac{1+b}{1+4a^2}+\dfrac{1+c}{1+4b^2}+\dfrac{1+a}{1+c^2}\)
\(\ge3+\left(a+b+c\right)-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(=3-\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3-\dfrac{1}{3}\cdot\dfrac{9}{4}=\dfrac{9}{4}=VP\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(VT=\left(\dfrac{a}{1+4c^2}+\dfrac{b}{1+4a^2}+\dfrac{c}{1+4b^2}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{1+4c^2}+\dfrac{1}{1+4a^2}+\dfrac{1}{1+4b^2}\right)\)
\(VT=\dfrac{3}{2}-\left(\dfrac{4c^2a}{1+4c^2}+\dfrac{4a^2b}{1+4a^2}+\dfrac{4b^2c}{1+4b^2}\right)+3-\left(\dfrac{4c^2}{1+4c^2}+\dfrac{4a^2}{1+4a^2}+\dfrac{4b^2}{1+4b^2}\right)\)
Xét \(\dfrac{3}{2}-\left(\dfrac{4c^2a}{1+4c^2}+\dfrac{4a^2b}{1+4a^2}+\dfrac{4b^2c}{1+4b^2}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1+4c^2\ge2\sqrt{4c^2}=4c\\1+4a^2\ge2\sqrt{4a^2}=4a\\1+4b^2\ge2\sqrt{4b^2}=4b\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{4c^2a}{1+4c^2}\le\dfrac{4c^2a}{4c}=ca\\\dfrac{4a^2b}{1+4a^2}\le\dfrac{4a^2b}{4a}=ab\\\dfrac{4b^2c}{1+4b^2}\le\dfrac{4b^2c}{4b}=bc\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{2}-\left(\dfrac{4c^2a}{1+4c^2}+\dfrac{4a^2b}{1+4a^2}+\dfrac{4b^2c}{1+4b^2}\right)\ge\dfrac{3}{2}-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\) (1)
Xét \(3-\left(\dfrac{4c^2}{1+4c^2}+\dfrac{4a^2}{1+4a^2}+\dfrac{4b^2}{1+4b^2}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1+4c^2\ge2\sqrt{4c^2}=4c\\1+4a^2\ge2\sqrt{4a^2}=4a\\1+4b^2\ge2\sqrt{4b^2}=4b\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{4c^2}{1+4c^2}\le\dfrac{4c^2}{4c}=c\\\dfrac{4a^2}{1+4a^2}\le\dfrac{4a^2}{4a}=a\\\dfrac{4b^2}{1+4b^2}\le\dfrac{4b^2}{4b}=b\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow3-\left(\dfrac{4c^2}{1+4c^2}+\dfrac{4a^2}{1+4a^2}+\dfrac{4b^2}{1+4b^2}\right)\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{3}{2}-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge3-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\) (3)
Theo hệ quả của bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{4}\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow3-\dfrac{3}{4}\le3-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{9}{4}\le3-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\) (4)
Từ (3) và (4)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{9}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1+b}{1+4a^2}+\dfrac{1+c}{1+4b^2}+\dfrac{1+a}{1+4c^2}\ge\dfrac{9}{4}\) (đpcm)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{2016}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{bc+ac+bc}{abc}=\dfrac{1}{2016}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{bc+ac+ab}{abc}=\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=abc\)
\(\Rightarrow ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)+ca\left(c+a\right)+3abc=abc\)
\(\Rightarrow ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)+ca\left(c+a\right)+2abc=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a=-b\) hay \(b=-c\) hay \(c=-a\)
-Vậy trong ba số a,b,c tồn tại 2 số đối nhau.
+) \(\dfrac{a}{x}+\dfrac{b}{y}+\dfrac{c}{z}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ayz}{xyz}+\dfrac{bxz}{xyz}+\dfrac{cxy}{xyz}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ayz+bxz+cxy}{xyz}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow ayz+bxz+cxy=0\)
+) \(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}\right)^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\dfrac{xy}{ab}+2\dfrac{xz}{ac}+2\dfrac{yz}{bc}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{xy}{ab}+\dfrac{xz}{ac}+\dfrac{yz}{bc}\right)=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{cxy}{abc}+\dfrac{bxz}{abc}+\dfrac{ayz}{abc}\right)=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{ayz+bxz+cxy}{abc}\right)=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{0}{abc}\right)=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+0=1\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}=1\left(đpcm\right)\)
2: Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}=\dfrac{a\left(a+b+c\right)}{b+c}+\dfrac{b\left(a+b+c\right)}{c+a}+\dfrac{c\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b}-a-b-c=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\right)=a+b+c-a-b-c=0\)
1: Sửa đề: Cho \(x,y,z\ne0\) và \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{2}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{2}{2x+y+2z}\).
CM:....
Đặt 2x = x', 2z = z'.
Ta có: \(\dfrac{2}{x'}+\dfrac{2}{y}+\dfrac{2}{z'}=\dfrac{2}{x'+y+z'}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x'}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z'}=\dfrac{1}{x'+y+z'}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x'}-\dfrac{1}{x'+y+z'}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z'}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{y+z'}{x'\left(x'+y+z'\right)}+\dfrac{y+z'}{yz'}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(y+z'\right)\left(yz'+x'^2+x'y+x'z'\right)}{x'yz'\left(x'+y+z'\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x'+y\right)\left(y+z'\right)\left(z'+x'\right)}{x'yz'\left(x'+y+z'\right)}=0\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+y\right)\left(y+2z\right)\left(2z+2x\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+y\right)\left(y+2z\right)\left(z+x\right)=0\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(\dfrac{4a^2}{a-1}=\dfrac{a\left(a^2-1\right)+4}{a-1}=4\left(a+1\right)+\dfrac{4}{a-1}+8\ge8+8=16\)
\(\dfrac{5b^2}{b-1}=5\left(b-1\right)+\dfrac{5}{b-1}+10\ge20\)
\(\dfrac{3c^2}{c-1}=3\left(c-1\right)+\dfrac{3}{c-1}+6=12\)
\(\Rightarrow dpcm\)
Bằng 12