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BĐT phụ:\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\left(true\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c}\) ( đpcm )
Vậy.......
Từ giả thiết ta có \(1+c^2=ab+bc+ac+c^2=\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\) ; \(1+a^2=ab+bc+ac+a^2=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\)
\(1+b^2=ab+bc+ac+b^2=\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)\)
Suy ra \(\frac{a+b}{1+c^2}+\frac{b+c}{1+a^2}+\frac{c+a}{1+b^2}=\frac{a+b}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}+\frac{b+c}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{c+a}{\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{\left(c+a\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
Theo BĐT Cauchy , ta có : \(\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\ge\frac{27\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(a+b+b+c+c+a\right)^3}=\frac{27\left(a+b\right)^2}{8\left(a+b+c\right)^3}\)
Tương tự : \(\frac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\ge\frac{27\left(b+c\right)^2}{8\left(a+b+c\right)^3}\) ; \(\frac{\left(c+a\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\ge\frac{27\left(c+a\right)^2}{8\left(a+b+c\right)^3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(c+a\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\ge\frac{9}{8\left(a+b+c\right)^3}.3\left[\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(c+a\right)^2\right]\)
\(\ge\frac{9}{8\left(a+b+c\right)^3}.\left[\left(a+b\right)+\left(b+c\right)+\left(c+a\right)\right]^2\) (Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki)
\(=\frac{9.4\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{8\left(a+b+c\right)^3}=\frac{9}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}\) (đpcm)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô-si ta có:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b^3}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^2}{b^3}.\dfrac{1}{a}.\dfrac{1}{a}}=\dfrac{3}{b}\)
\(\dfrac{c^2}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{c^2}{a^3}.\dfrac{1}{c}.\dfrac{1}{c}}=\dfrac{3}{a}\)
\(\dfrac{c^2}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{c^2}{a^3}.\dfrac{1}{c}.\dfrac{1}{c}}=\dfrac{3}{a}\)
Cộng theo vế ta được:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b^3}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^3}+\dfrac{a^2}{a^3}+\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\ge3\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b^3}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^3}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^3}\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\)
2) Theo nguyên lí Dirichlet, trong ba số \(a^2-1;b^2-1;c^2-1\) có ít nhất hai số nằm cùng phía với 1.
Giả sử đó là a2 - 1 và b2 - 1. Khi đó \(\left(a^2-1\right)\left(b^2-1\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow a^2b^2-a^2-b^2+1\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2b^2+3a^2+3b^2+9\ge4a^2+4b^2+8\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2+3\right)\left(b^2+3\right)\ge4\left(a^2+b^2+2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2+3\right)\left(b^2+3\right)\left(c^2+3\right)\ge4\left(a^2+b^2+1+1\right)\left(1+1+c^2+1\right)\) (2)
Mà \(4\left[\left(a^2+b^2+1+1\right)\left(1+1+c^2+1\right)\right]\ge4\left(a+b+c+1\right)^2\) (3)(Áp dụng Bunhicopxki và cái ngoặc vuông)
Từ (2) và (3) ta có đpcm.
Sai thì chịu
Xí quên bài 2 b:v
b) Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(\left(a^2-\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(b^2-\frac{1}{4}\right)\ge0\)
Suy ra \(a^2b^2-\frac{1}{4}a^2-\frac{1}{4}b^2+\frac{1}{16}\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2b^2+a^2+b^2+1\ge\frac{5}{4}a^2+\frac{5}{4}b^2+\frac{15}{16}\)
Hay \(\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\ge\frac{5}{4}\left(a^2+b^2+\frac{3}{4}\right)\)
Suy ra \(\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)\ge\frac{5}{4}\left(a^2+b^2+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}+c^2+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{5}{4}\left(\frac{1}{2}a+\frac{1}{2}b+\frac{1}{2}c+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=\frac{5}{16}\left(a+b+c+1\right)^2\) (Bunhiacopxki) (đpcm)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab+bc+ac}{abc}\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\left(a+b+c\right)-9abc\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b+a^2c+abc+abc+ab^2+b^2c+abc+ac^2+bc^2-9abc\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b+a^2c+ab^2+b^2c+ac^2+bc^2-6abc\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2b-2abc+bc^2\right)+\left(a^2c-2abc+b^2c\right)+\left(ab^2-2abc+ac^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b\left(a-b\right)^2+c\left(a-c\right)^2+a\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng \(\forall a;b;c>0\))
Vật bđt đã đc chứng minh
Cho a,b,c>0 thì dễ thôi :v
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{a+b+c}=\frac{9}{a+b+c}\)
Khi a=b=c
\(\frac{a^2}{b^3}+\frac{b^2}{c^3}+\frac{c^2}{a^3}=\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\)
=> \(\frac{a^2}{b^3}+\frac{b^2}{c^3}+\frac{c^2}{a^3}=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
áp dụng bđt Bunyakovsky dạng phân thức ta có ngay :
\(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{a+b+b+c+c+a}=\frac{9}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{9}{2}\)
đẳng thức xảy ra <=> a = b = c = 1/3
vậy ta có đpcm