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Ta có:
\(ab+bc+ca+abc=4\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a+2}+\frac{1}{b+2}+\frac{1}{c+2}=1\) ( cái này cơ bản )
Theo AM - GM:
\(\left(a+b\right)^2+20=\left[\left(a+b\right)^2+4\right]+16\ge4\left(a+b\right)+16=4\left[\left(a+2\right)+\left(b+2\right)\right]\)
Áp dụng Cauchy Schwarz:
\(P\le\Sigma\frac{4}{4\left[\left(a+2\right)+\left(b+2\right)\right]}=\Sigma\frac{1}{\left(a+2\right)+\left(b+2\right)}\le\frac{1}{4}\Sigma\left(\frac{1}{a+2}+\frac{1}{b+2}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra tại a=b=c=1
\(a^4+b^4+a^4+a^4\ge4\sqrt[4]{a^{12}b^4}=4a^3b\)
\(a^4+b^4+b^4+b^4\ge4\sqrt[4]{a^4b^{12}}=4ab^3\)
\(\Rightarrow4\left(a^4+b^4\right)\ge4\left(a^3b+ab^3\right)\Rightarrow a^4+b^4\ge a^3b+ab^3\)
\(F=\Sigma\frac{ab}{a^4+b^4+ab}\le\Sigma\frac{ab}{a^3b+ab^3+ab}=\Sigma\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+1}=\Sigma\frac{2}{2a^2+2b^2+2}\)
\(\le\Sigma\frac{1}{ab+a+b}\)
Đến đây bí :(
\(M=\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{c}{a}+\dfrac{2a}{b}+3}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{2b}{c}+3}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{2c}{a}+3}\)
\(đặt\left(\dfrac{a}{b};\dfrac{b}{c};\dfrac{c}{a}\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow xyz=1\left(x;y;z>0\right)\)
\(M=\dfrac{1}{z+2x+3}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y+3}+\dfrac{1}{y+2z+3}\)
\(ta\) \(đi\) \(cminh:A\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
có:
\(\dfrac{1}{z+2x+3}\le\dfrac{1}{6}\Leftrightarrow z+2x+3\ge6\Leftrightarrow2x+z\ge3\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x+2y+3}\le\dfrac{1}{6}\Leftrightarrow x+2y\ge3\)
\(\dfrac{1}{y+2z+3}\le\dfrac{1}{6}\Rightarrow y+2z\ge3\)
\(cộng\) \(vế\Rightarrow2x+z+2y+x+2z+y\ge9\Leftrightarrow x+y+z\ge3\left(đúng\right)\)
\(do:x+y+z\ge3\sqrt[3]{xyz}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le\dfrac{1}{2}dấu"="\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
gt <=> \(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}=1\)
Đặt: \(\frac{1}{a}=x;\frac{1}{b}=y;\frac{1}{c}=z\)
=> Thay vào thì \(VT=\frac{\frac{1}{xy}}{\frac{1}{z}\left(1+\frac{1}{xy}\right)}+\frac{1}{\frac{yz}{\frac{1}{x}\left(1+\frac{1}{yz}\right)}}+\frac{1}{\frac{zx}{\frac{1}{y}\left(1+\frac{1}{zx}\right)}}\)
\(VT=\frac{z}{xy+1}+\frac{x}{yz+1}+\frac{y}{zx+1}=\frac{x^2}{xyz+x}+\frac{y^2}{xyz+y}+\frac{z^2}{xyz+z}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+3xyz}\)
Có BĐT x, y, z > 0 thì \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\ge9xyz\)Ta thay \(xy+yz+zx=1\)vào
=> \(x+y+z\ge9xyz=>\frac{x+y+z}{3}\ge3xyz\)
=> Từ đây thì \(VT\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\frac{x+y+z}{3}}=\frac{3}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)\ge\frac{3}{4}.\sqrt{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\frac{3}{4}.\sqrt{3}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\)
=> Ta có ĐPCM . "=" xảy ra <=> x=y=z <=> \(a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)
*Sửa đề: tìm GTNN
\(A=\frac{ab\sqrt{c-2}+bc\sqrt{a-3}+ca\sqrt{b-4}}{abc}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{c-2}}{c}+\frac{\sqrt{a-3}}{a}+\frac{\sqrt{b-4}}{b}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{\sqrt{c-2}}{c}=\frac{\sqrt{2\left(c-2\right)}}{\sqrt{2}c}\ge\frac{\frac{2+c-2}{2}}{\sqrt{2}c}=\frac{\frac{c}{2}}{\sqrt{2}c}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\)
TƯơng tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta cũng có:
\(\frac{\sqrt{a-3}}{a}\ge\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}};\frac{\sqrt{b-4}}{b}\ge\frac{1}{2\sqrt{4}}\)
Suy ra \(A\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}}\right)\)
Bài 1 :
Ta có :
\(\sqrt{37-20\sqrt{3}}+\sqrt{37+20\sqrt{3}}=\sqrt{25-2.5.2\sqrt{3}+12}\)
\(+\sqrt{25+2.5.2\sqrt{3}+12}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(5-2\sqrt{3}\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(5+2\sqrt{3}\right)^2}\)
\(5-2\sqrt{3}+5+2\sqrt{3}\)
\(=5+5=10\)
Bài 2 :
Với x , y , z > 0 . Ta có :
+ ) \(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\ge2\left(1\right)\)
+ ) \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{9}{x+y+z}\left(2\right)\)
+ ) \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+zx\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{xy+yz+zx}\ge1\left(3\right)\)
Xảy ra đăng thức ở : \(\left(1\right),\left(2\right),\left(3\right)\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\) . Ta có :
\(P=\frac{ab+bc+ca}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\left(a+b+c\right)^2.\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)}{abc}\)
\(=\frac{ab+bc+ca}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca\right).\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)}{abc}\)
Áp dụng các bất đẳng thức (1) , (2) , (3) ta được :
\(P\ge\frac{ab+bc+ca}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right).\frac{9}{ab+bc+ca}+2.9\)
\(=\left(\frac{ab+bc+ca}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{ab+bc+ca}\right)+8.\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{ab+bc+ca}+18\)
\(\ge2+8+18=28\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\\ab=bc=ca\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c}\)
\(\left(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}c-\sqrt{2}\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{8}c^2-c+2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}c\ge\sqrt{c-2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\ge\frac{\sqrt{c-2}}{c}\)
tương tự \(\left(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}a-\sqrt{3}\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}\ge\frac{\sqrt{a-3}}{a}\)
\(\left(\frac{1}{4}b-2\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow\frac{1}{4}\ge\frac{\sqrt{b-4}}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=>c=4;a=6;b=8
Ta cần chứng minh
\(a+b+c\ge ab+bc+ca\)
do \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+zx\)
đặt \(a=\dfrac{2y}{x+z};b=\dfrac{2z}{y+x};c=\dfrac{2x}{z+y}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y+z}+\dfrac{y}{z+x}+\dfrac{x}{y+z}\ge2\left(\dfrac{xy}{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\dfrac{yz}{\left(x+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}+\dfrac{zx}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3+3xyz\ge xy\left(x+y\right)+yz\left(y+z\right)+zx\left(z+x\right)\)
dấu ''='' khi \(a=b=c=1\) hoặc \(a=b=2,c=1\)
Theo giả thiết, ta có: \(ab+bc+ca+abc=4\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+4\left(a+b+c\right)+12=abc+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+4\left(a+b+c\right)+8\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)+\left(b+2\right)\left(c+2\right)+\left(c+2\right)\left(a+2\right)=\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)\left(c+2\right)\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a+2}+\frac{1}{b+2}+\frac{1}{c+2}=1\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy, ta được: \(P=\frac{4}{\left[\left(a+b\right)^2+4\right]+16}+\frac{4}{\left[\left(b+c\right)^2+4\right]+16}+\frac{4}{\left[\left(c+a\right)^2+4\right]+16}\)\(\le\frac{4}{4\left(a+b\right)+16}+\frac{4}{4\left(b+c\right)+16}+\frac{4}{4\left(c+a\right)+16}\)\(=\frac{1}{\left(a+2\right)+\left(b+2\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(b+2\right)+\left(c+2\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(c+2\right)+\left(a+2\right)}\)\(\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a+2}+\frac{1}{b+2}+\frac{1}{c+2}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1