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b)
Đề: Cho a, b, c > 0 và abc = ab + bc + ca. Chứng minh rằng: \(\frac{1}{a+2b+3c}+\frac{1}{2a+3b+c}+\frac{1}{3a+b+2c}\le\frac{3}{16}\)
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\(abc=ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
Áp dụng BĐT \(\frac{1}{x+y}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\), ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a+2b+3c}+\frac{1}{2a+3b+c}+\frac{1}{3a+b+2c}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{2\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}\left[\frac{3}{2\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{3}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{3}{2\left(a+b\right)}\right]\)
\(=\frac{3}{8}\left(\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\)
\(\le\frac{3}{32}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(=\frac{3}{16}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b = c
Do \(a\ge1;b\ge1;c\ge1\left(nên\right)\)
\(\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)+\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)+\left(c-1\right)\left(a-1\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac+3\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\Leftrightarrow a+b+c\le5\)
khi đó \(P=3a+2b+c-1=3\left(a+b+c\right)-\left(b+2c\right)-1\le15-3-1=11\)
dấu = xảy ra khi a=3 , b=c=1
=> GTLN(P)=11
Mặt khác \(\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)=ab+bc+ca+a^2\ge8\)
nên ta có \(P=2\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)-1\ge2\sqrt{2\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\ge2\sqrt{16}-1=7\)
dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=1, c=3
zậy ..
Câu 1:
\(P=\dfrac{x}{4}+\dfrac{3x}{4}+\dfrac{2y}{4}+\dfrac{2y}{4}+\dfrac{3z}{4}+\dfrac{z}{4}+\dfrac{3}{x}+\dfrac{9}{2y}+\dfrac{4}{z}\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x+2y+3z\right)+\left(\dfrac{3x}{4}+\dfrac{3}{x}\right)+\left(\dfrac{2y}{4}+\dfrac{9}{2y}\right)+\left(\dfrac{z}{4}+\dfrac{4}{z}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{20}{4}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{3x}{4}.\dfrac{3}{x}}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{2y}{4}.\dfrac{9}{2y}}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{z}{4}.\dfrac{4}{z}}=5+3+3+2=13\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{min}=13\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+2y+3z=20\\\dfrac{3x}{4}=\dfrac{3}{x}\\\dfrac{2y}{4}=\dfrac{9}{2y}\\\dfrac{z}{4}=\dfrac{4}{z}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=3\\z=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Câu 2:
Ta có
\(ab+4\ge2\sqrt{4ab}=4\sqrt{ab}\Rightarrow2b\ge4\sqrt{ab}\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a}}\ge2\Rightarrow\dfrac{b}{a}\ge4\)
\(P=\dfrac{ab}{a^2+2b^2}=\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{2b}{a}}=\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{16a}+\dfrac{31b}{16a}}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{b}{16a}}+\dfrac{31}{16}.\dfrac{b}{a}}\le\dfrac{1}{2.\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{31}{16}.4}=\dfrac{4}{33}\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{max}=\dfrac{4}{33}\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=4a\\ab+4=2b\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\b=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cho mình hỏi câu 1 vì sao bạn lại phân tích được \(2\sqrt{...}\), ....
\(a+b+c=0\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac=0\Rightarrow ab+bc+ac=-7\)
Suy ra \(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+2abc\left(a+b+c\right)=49\Rightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2=49\)
Lại có\(a^2+b^2+c^2=14\Rightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4=-2.49=-98\)
\(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\ge\sqrt{a+b}\)
Bình 2 vế của pt do 2 vế dương ta có:
\(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^2\ge\left(\sqrt{a+b}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+2\sqrt{ab}\ge a+b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{ab}\ge0\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{ab}\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Tức ta có điều phải cm
Đề hoàn toàn đúng mà: Ta có
\(\left(a^4+b^4\right)-\left(a^3b+ab^3\right)=\left(a-b\right)\left(a^3-b^3\right)=\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\ge0\). (Ở đây chú ý rằng \(a^2+ab+b^2=\left(a+\frac{b}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3b^2}{4}\ge0\)).
Mặt khác \(\left(a^4+b^4\right)-2a^2b^2=\left(a^2-b^2\right)^2\ge0.\)
Cộng hai bất đẳng thức lại ta có điều phải chứng minh.
Áp dụng cô-si cho ba dương ta có : \(x+y+z\ge3\sqrt[3]{xyz}\)
Suy ra : \(a^2b+ab^2+1-3ab\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^2b.ab^2.1}-3ab=3ab-3ab=0\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a^2b=ab^2=1\Rightarrow a=b=1\)