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1) Có: \(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b=-c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3=-c^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)=-c^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3-3abc=-c^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
2)Có: \(a+b-c=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b=c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3=c^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)=c^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+3abc=c^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3-c^3=-3abc\)
b) \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=0\) (chuyển vế qua)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{2}\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]=0\)
Do VP >=0 với mọi a, b, c. Nên để đăng thức xảy ra thì a = b = c
\(A=a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc\)\(=\left(a^3+b^3\right)+c^3-3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a+b\right)c+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2-3ab\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\left(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ac+c^2\right)\right]\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]\)
Dế thấy: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c>0\\\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2>0\end{matrix}\right.\)(do a,b,c là 3 số dương khác nhau đôi một)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]>0\)
a +b +c = 0 => a + b = - c
Ta có
a^3 + b^3 + c^3 = ( a + b)^3 - 3ab( a+b) + c^3
Thay a+ b= -c ta có
a^3 + b^3 + c^3 = -c^3 - 3ab.-c + c^3 = 3abc
=> ĐPCM
cách khác:
\(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(a+b=-c\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\left(a+b\right)^3=c^3\)
Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3\)
\(=a^3+b^3-\left(a+b\right)^3\)
\(=-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=-3ab\left(-c\right)=3abc\)
Vậy \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
\(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=\left(a+b\right)^3-3a^2b-3ab^2+c^3-3abc=\left[\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3\right]-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a+b\right)c+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\left(đpcm\right)\)