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- Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow27a+24b=10,2\left(1\right)\)
Khí thu được sau p/ứ là khí H2: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
2 3 (mol)
a 3/2 a (mol)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
1 1 (mol)
b b (mol)
Từ hai PTHH trên ta có: \(\dfrac{3}{2}a+b=0,5\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right)\) ta có hệ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=10,2\\\dfrac{3}{2}a+b=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\)
Giải ra ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\left(mol\right)\\b=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) \(\%Al=\dfrac{m_{Al}}{m_{hh}}.100\%=\dfrac{0,2.27}{10,2}.100\%\approx52,94\%\)
\(\%Mg=100\%-\%Al=100\%-52,94=47,06\%\)
b)
\(3H_2+Fe_2O_3\rightarrow^{t^0}2Fe+3H_2O\)
3 1 2 (mol)
0,5 1/6 1/3 (mol)
\(m_{Fe}=\dfrac{1}{3}.56=\dfrac{56}{3}\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Fe_2O_3\left(pứ\right)}=\dfrac{1}{6}.160=\dfrac{80}{3}\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Fe_2O_3\left(dư\right)}=60-m_{Fe}=60-\dfrac{56}{3}=\dfrac{124}{3}\left(g\right)\)
\(a=\dfrac{124}{3}+\dfrac{80}{3}=68\left(g\right)\)
Gọi nFe=a(mol);nM=b(mol)⇒56a+Mb=9,6(1)
Fe+2HCl→FeCl2+H2
M+2HCl→MCl2+H2
nH2=a+b=0,2⇒a=0,2−b
Ta có :
56a+Mb=9,656a+Mb=9,6
⇔56(0,2−b)+Mb=9,6
⇔Mb−56b=−1,6
⇔b(56−M)=1,6
⇔b=1,656−M
Mà 0<b<0,20<b<0,2
Suy ra : 0<1,656−M<0,20<1,656−M<0,2
⇔M<48(1)
M+2HCl→MCl2+H2
nM=nH2<5,622,4=0,25
⇒MM>4,60,25=18,4
+) Nếu M=24(Mg)
Ta có :
56a+24b=9,656a+24b=9,6
a+b=0,2a+b=0,2
Suy ra a = 0,15 ; b = 0,05
mFe=0,15.56=8,4(gam)
mMg=0,05.24=1,2(gam)
+) Nếu M=40(Ca)
56a+40b=9,656a+40b=9,6
a+b=0,2
Suy ra a = b = 0,1
mCa=0,1.40=4(gam)
mFe=0,1.56=5,6(gam)
\(n_{Mg}=2x\left(mol\right),n_{Fe}=x\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0.2\cdot0.45=0.9\left(mol\right)\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(n_{HCl}=2\cdot2x+2\cdot x=0.9\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x=0.15\)
\(m_{hh}=0.3\cdot24+0.15\cdot56=15.6\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.45\cdot22.4=10.08\left(l\right)\)
nZn=\(\dfrac{19.5}{65}\)=0.3(mol)
nH2SO4=\(\dfrac{39.2}{98}\)=0.4(mol)
PTHH:
Zn + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2
B/đ`:0.3 0.4 0 0
P/ứ: 0.3-->0.3--->0.3-->0.3
SauP/ứ:0 0.1 0.3 0.3
=> PTHH => khí thu đc sau p/ứ là : H2
=> VH2(đktc)=0.3*22.4=6.72(l)
Đặt nCuO=a (mol) ; nFe3O4= b (mol)
PTHH:
CuO + H2 --> Cu + H2O (1)
P/ứ: a --------->a (mol)
Fe3O4 + 4H2 --> 3Fe + 4H2O (2)
P/ứ: b ------------> b (mol)
Vì sau khi nung hỗn hợp thì H2O thoát ra và chất còn lại là Fe và Cu
=> m hh A giảm = m H2O
Từ PTHH: (1);(2)
=> nH2O=nH2= 0.3(mol)
=> mH2O=0.3*18=5.4(g)
=> m = 5.4 (g)
a) \(2K+2H2O-->2KOH+H2\)
\(Fe+2HCl--.FeCl2+H2\)
\(n_{H2}=\frac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_K=2n_{H2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_K=0,2.39=7,8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,5.0,4=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(nFe=\frac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\)
m Cu= 6,6(g)
\(m_{hh}=7,8+5,6+6,6=20\left(g\right)\)
\(\%m_K=\frac{7,8}{20}.100\%=39\%\)
\(\%m_{Fe}=\frac{5,6}{20}.100\%=28\%\)
\(\%m_{Cu}=100-28-39=33\%\)
b) \(yH2+FexOy-->xFe+yH2O\)
\(n_{FexOy}=\frac{1}{y}n_{_{ }H2}=\frac{0,1}{y}\left(mol\right)\)
\(M_{FexOy}=5,8:\frac{0,1}{y}=58y\)
Ta có bảng sau
| x | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| y | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| FexOy | 58(loại) | 174(loại) | 232(t/m) |
Vậy CTHH:Fe3O4
Bài 1:
a) PTHH: \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2Fe+2H_2O\)
\(CuO+H_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe_2O_3}=20\cdot80\%=16\left(g\right)\\m_{CuO}=20-16=4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{CuO}=\dfrac{4}{80}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=3n_{Fe_2O_3}+n_{CuO}=0,35\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,35\cdot22,4=7,84\left(l\right)\)
c) Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=2n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=n_{CuO}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{hhB}=m_{Fe}+m_{Cu}=0,2\cdot56+0,05\cdot64=14,4\left(g\right)\)
Bài 2:
PTHH: \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\)
\(CuO+H_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
a) Vì khối lượng Cu bằng \(\dfrac{6}{5}\) khối lượng Fe
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Cu}=\dfrac{26,4}{6+5}\cdot6=14,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=26,4-14,4=12\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Cu}=\dfrac{14,4}{64}=0,225\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=\dfrac{12}{56}=\dfrac{3}{14}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Fe}+n_{Cu}=\dfrac{9}{28}+0,225=\dfrac{153}{280}\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=\dfrac{153}{280}\cdot22,4=12,24\left(l\right)\)
b) Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{3}{28}\left(mol\right)\\n_{CuO}=n_{Cu}=0,225\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{3}{28}\cdot160\approx17,14\left(g\right)\\m_{CuO}=0,225\cdot80=18\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow m_{hh}=35,14\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{17,14}{35,14}\cdot100\%\approx48,78\%\\\%m_{CuO}=51,22\%\end{matrix}\right.\)