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$n_{Al} = a(mol) ; n_{Fe} = b(mol) \Rightarrow 27a + 56b = 8,3(1)$
$2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2$
$Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2$
$n_{H_2} = 1,5a + b = \dfrac{5,6}{22,4} = 0,25(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = b = 0,1
$\%m_{Al} = \dfrac{0,1.27}{8,3}.100\% = 32,53\%$
$\%m_{Fe} = 100\% - 32,53\% = 67,47\%$
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25(mol)\\ a,PTHH:Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(b,\) Đặt \(n_{Fe}=x(mol);n_{Al}=y(mol)\)
\(\Rightarrow 56x+27y=8,3(1)\)
Theo PTHH: \(x+1,5y=0,25(2)\)
\((1)(2)\Rightarrow x=y=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56}{8,3}.100\%=67,47\%\\ \%_{Al}=100\%-67,47\%=32,53\%\)
\(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\\ n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,1.65}{10}.100=65\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Cu}=100\%-65\%=35\%\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,1}=2\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=20-5,6=14,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{20}.100\%=28\%\\\%m_{Cu}=72\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)
Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
b)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
0,3<-----------------0,3
=> mMg = 0,3.24 = 7,2 (g)
=> mAg = 10,4 - 7,2 = 3,2 (g)
c) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{7,2}{10,4}.100\%=69,23\%\\\%m_{Ag}=\dfrac{3,2}{10,4}.100\%=30,77\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Zn}=60,5-28=32,5g\\
n_{Fe}=\dfrac{28}{56}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\
n_{Zn}=\dfrac{32,5}{65}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
0,5 0,5 0,5
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
0,5 0,5 0,5
\(V_{H_2}=\left(0,5+0,5\right).22,4=22,4\left(L\right)\\
m_{Mu\text{ối}}=\left(0,5.136\right)+\left(0,5.127\right)=131,5g\)
Gọi $n_{Fe} = a(mol), n_{Zn} = b(mol) , n_{Al} = c(mol) \Rightarrow 56a + 65b + 27c = 20,4(1)$
$Fe + H_2SO_4 \to FeSO_4 + H_2$
$Zn + H_2SO_4 \to ZnSO_4 + H_2$
$2Al +3 H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 +3 H_2$
Theo PTHH : $n_{H_2} = a + b + 1,5c = \dfrac{10,08}{22,4} = 0,45(mol)(2)$
Mặt khác :
$2Fe + 3Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2FeCl_3$
$Zn + Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} ZnCl_2$
$2Al + 3Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2AlCl_3$
Theo PTHH : $n_{Cl_2} = 1,5n_{Fe} + n_{Zn} + 1,5n_{Al}$
Suy ra : \dfrac{1,5a + b + 1,5c}{a + b + c} = \dfrac{0,275}{0,2}(3)$
Từ (1)(2)(3) suy ra : a = 0,2 ; b = 0,1 ; c = 0,1
$\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,2.56}{20,4}.100\% = 54,9\%$
$\%m_{Zn} = \dfrac{0,1.65}{20,4}.100\% = 31,9\%$
$\%m_{Al} = 100\% - 54,9\% - 31,9\% = 13,2\%$
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\\n_{Fe}=y\end{matrix}\right.\) ( mol ) \(\rightarrow m_{hh}=27x+56y=5,54\left(g\right)\) (1)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
x 1,5x ( mol )
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
y y ( mol )
\(n_{H_2}=1,5x+y=\dfrac{3,584}{22,4}=0,16\left(mol\right)\) (1)
\(\left(1\right);\left(2\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,06\\y=0,07\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,06.27}{5,54}.100=29,24\%\\\%m_{Fe}=100-29,24=70,76\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Fe\left(x\right)+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\left(x\right)\)
\(2Al\left(y\right)+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\left(1,5y\right)\)
Gọi số mol của Fe và Al lần lược là x, y thì ta có
\(56x+27y=8,3\left(1\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x+1,5y=0,25\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) ta có hệ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+27y=8,3\\x+1,5y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Fe=\dfrac{5,6}{8,3}.100\%=67,47\%\\\%Al=100\%-67,47\%=32,53\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
PT:Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl + H2
0.125 0.25 (mol)
Al + 2HCl --> FeCl + H2
Ta có: nHCl = 5.6/22.4 = 0.25 mol
mFe = 56 . 0.125 = 7 g
mCu = 8.3 - 7 = 1.3 g
%mFe = \(\dfrac{7}{8}.100\%=87.5\%\)
%mCu = 100% - 87.5% = 12.5%