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a, Ta có: 24nMg + 56nFe = 9,2 (g) (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
BT e, có: 2nMg + 2nFe = 2nH2 = 0,5 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,15.24}{9,2}.100\%\approx39,13\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx60,87\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, BTNT H, có: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,2}=2,5\left(M\right)\)
\(a.BTNT\left(H\right):n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,65\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow CM_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,65}{0,5}=1,3M\\ b.2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=0,325\\27x+56y=9,65\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,15\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=4,05\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=5,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
$a)PTHH:2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2$
$n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,04}{22,4}=0,225(mol)$
$\Rightarrow n_{Al}=0,15(mol)$
$\Rightarrow \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,15.27}{9,45}.100\%\approx 42,86\%$
$\Rightarrow \%m_{Cu}=100-42,86=57,14\%$
$b)$ Theo PT: $n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,45(mol)$
$\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,45.110\%}{0,5}=0,99M$
\(n_{HCl}=0,3.2=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,6}{2}>\dfrac{0,25}{1}\Rightarrow HCldư\\ Đặt:n_{Al}=t\left(mol\right);n_{Fe}=r\left(mol\right)\\ \left(t,r>0\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27t+56r=8,3\\1,5t+r=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}t=0,1\\r=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right);m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\\ b,n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=0,1.133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\\ n_{Fe}=n_{FeCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddFeCl_2}=127.0,1=12,7\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddHCl}=300.1,15=345\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddsau}=8,3+345-0,25.2=352,8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,6-0,25.2=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=0,1.36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddHCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{3,65}{352,8}.100\approx1,035\%\\ C\%_{ddAlCl_3}=\dfrac{13,35}{352,8}.100\approx3,784\%\\ C\%_{ddFeCl_2}=\dfrac{12,7}{352,8}.100\approx3,6\%\)
a) Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow27a+56b=11\) (1)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn electron: \(3a+2b=0,4\cdot2=0,8\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot27}{11}\cdot100\%\approx49,09\%\\\%m_{Fe}=50,91\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{muối}=m_{AlCl_3}+m_{FeCl_2}=0,2\cdot133,5+0,1\cdot127=39,4\left(g\right)\)
c) Bảo toàn electron: \(3\cdot0,2+3\cdot0,1=2n_{SO_2}\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{SO_2}=0,45\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{SO_2}=0,45\cdot22,4=10,08\left(l\right)\)
a) Gọi nAl = x, nFe = y
Có 27x + 56y = 11 (1)
Bảo toàn e
3x + 2y = 2.0,4 (2)
Từ 1 và 2 => x = 0,2, y = 0,1
\(\%mAl=\dfrac{0,2.27}{11}.100\%=49,09\%\)
\(\%mFe=100-49,09=50,91\%\)
b) BTKL:
m muối = mkim loại + mHCl - mH2
= 11 + 0,4.2.36,5 - 0,4.2 = 39,4g
c)
Bảo toàn e
Al => Al+3 + 3e S+6 + 2e => S+4
0,2 0,6 2x x
Fe => Fe+3 + 3e
0,1 0,3
=> 2x = 0,6 + 0,3 => x = 0,45 mol
=> VSO2 = 0,45.22,4 = 10,08 lít
