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a)
$Fe + CuSO_4 \to FeSO_4 + Cu$
Theo PTHH : $n_{Cu} = n_{CuSO_4} = 0,3.1 = 0,3(mol)$
$m_{Cu} = 0,3.64 = 19,2(gam)$
b) $n_{FeSO_4} = n_{CuSO_4} = 0,3(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{FeSO_4} = 0,3.152 = 45,6(gam)$
c) $FeSO_4 + 2NaOH \to Fe(OH)_2 + Na_2SO_4$
$n_{Fe(OH)_2} = n_{FeSO_4} = 0,3(mol)$
$m_{Fe(OH)_2} = 0,3.90 = 27(gam)$
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{400.5\%}{40}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(2NaOH+FeCl_2\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl\)
0,5 0,25
\(m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2}=0,25.90=22,5\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{400.5\%}{40}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(FeCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Fe\left(OH\right)_2\)
\(n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=0,25\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2}=0,25.90=22,5\left(g\right)\)
Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2
\(nHCl=0.2\times2=0.4mol\)
a.\(m=0.2\times24=4.8g\); \(V=0.2\times22.4=4.48l\)
b.MgCl2 + 2NaOH -> Mg(OH)2 + NaCl
0.2 0.2
\(mNaOH=20\%\times100=20g\Rightarrow nNaOH=0.5mol\)
=> MgCl2 hết, NaOH dư
\(mMg\left(OH\right)2=0.2\times58=11.6g\)
a) PTHH: \(FeCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow3NaCl+Fe\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow\)
\(2Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6H_2O\)
b) Ta có: \(n_{FeCl_3}=0,3\cdot0,5=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=0,45mol\) \(\Rightarrow V_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,45}{0,25}=1,8\left(l\right)\)
c) Theo PTHH: \(n_{NaCl}=n_{NaOH}=0,45mol\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{NaCl}}=\dfrac{0,45}{2,1}\approx0,21\left(M\right)\)
(Coi như thể tích dd thay đổi không đáng kể)
d) Theo PTHH: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{FeCl_3}=0,225mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,225\cdot98}{20\%}=110,25\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{110,25}{1,14}\approx96,71\left(ml\right)\)
a)
\(MgCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
\(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
=> \(n_{MgCO_3}+n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{2,296}{22,4}=0,1025\)
\(MgCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Mg\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+2NaCl\)
\(Mg\left(OH\right)_2\underrightarrow{t^o}MgO+H_2O\)
\(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{2,4}{40}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{MgCO_3}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{CaCO_3}=0,0425\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{MgCO_3}=0,06.84=5,04\left(g\right)\\m_{CaCO_3}=0,0425.100=4,25\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{MgCO_3}=\dfrac{5,04}{10}.100\%=50,4\%\\\%m_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{4,25}{10}.100\%=42,5\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(MgCO_3 + 2HCl \rightarrow MgCl_2 + CO_2 + H_2O\) (1)
\(CaCO_3 + 2HCl \rightarrow CaCl_2 + CO_2 + H_2O\) (2)
\(MgCl_2 + 2NaOH \rightarrow Mg(OH)_2 + 2NaCl\) (3)
\(Mg(OH)_2 -t^o-> MgO + H_2O\) (4)
\(n_{CO_2}= \dfrac{2,296}{22,4}=0,1025 mol\)
\(n_{MgO}= \dfrac{2,4}{40}=0,06 mol\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{CO_2(1)}= n_{MgCl_2}= n_{Mg(OH)_2}=n_{MgO}= 0,06 mol\)\(=n_{MgCO_3}\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{CO_2(2)}= n_{CO_2} - n_{CO_2(1)}= 0,1025 - 0,06=0,0425 mol\)
Theo PTHH (1): \(n_{CaCO_3}= n_{CO_2(2)}= 0,0425 mol\)
\(m_{MgCO_3}= 0,06 . 84=5,04 g\)
\(m_{CaCO_3}= 0,0425 . 100= 4,25 g\)
b)
%mMgCO3= \(\dfrac{5,04}{10}\). 100%=50,4 %
%mCaCO3=\(\dfrac{4,25}{10}\).100%= 42,5%
a. PTHH: AgNO3 + HCl ---> AgCl↓ + HNO3
b. Ta có: \(n_{AgNO_3}=\dfrac{42,5}{170}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{AgCl}=n_{AgNO_3}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{AgCl}=0,25.143,5=35,875\left(g\right)\)
c. Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=n_{AgCl}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Đổi 100ml = 0,1 lít
=> \(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,25}{0,1}=2,5M\)
\(n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{NaOH}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Lập T=\(\dfrac{n_{NaOH}}{n_{CO_2}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,2}=1,5\) => Tạo 2 muối
Gọi x, y lần lượt là số mol NaHCO3 và Na2CO3
Bảo toàn nguyên tố C => x+y=0,2
Bảo toàn nguyên tố Na => x+2y=0,3
=> x=0,1 ; y=0,1
=>\(m_{muối}=m_{NaHCO_3}+m_{Na_2CO_3}=0,1.84+0,1.106=19\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{NaOH}=\dfrac{20.60}{100}=12\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{12}{40}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:CO2 + 2NaOH → Na2CO3 + H2O
Mol: 0,3 0,15
Ta có tỉ lệ:\(\dfrac{0,2}{1}>\dfrac{0,3}{2}\)⇒ NaOH pứ hết,CO2 dư
⇒\(m_{Na_2CO_3}=0,15.106=15,9\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{50.20}{100.40}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{416.5}{100.160}=0,13\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH : CuSO4 + 2NaOH ---> Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4
Ta thấy : \(\dfrac{0,25}{2}< 0,13\) => Spu NaOH hết; CuSO4 dư
Theo pthh : nCu(OH)2 = \(\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=0,125\left(mol\right)\)
=> mCu(OH)2 = 98.0,125 = 12,25 (g)