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Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{10,2}{102}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\)
a, Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=3n_{Al}+6n_{Al_2O_3}=1,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=1,2.36,5=43,8\left(g\right)\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}+2n_{Al_2O_3}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=0,4.133,5=53,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=\dfrac{40.9}{100}=3,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=9-3,6=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=\dfrac{3,6}{24}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH:
Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2
0,15 ------------------------> 0,15
2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,2 ---------------------------> 0,3
\(\rightarrow V_{H_2}=\left(0,15+0,3\right).22,4=10,08\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{6,48}{18}=0,36\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: FexOy + yH2 --to--> xFe + yH2O
Theo pthh: \(n_{O\left(oxit\right)}=n_{H_2\left(pư\right)}=n_{H_2O}=0,36\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{oxit}=15,12+16.0,36=20,88\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{15,12}{56}=0,27\left(mol\right)\)
CTHH: FexOy
=> x : y = 0,27 : 0,36 = 3 : 4
=> CTHH: Fe3O4 (oxit sắt từ)
mMg = 40%x9 = 3,6(g) =>nMg=3,6:24 = 0,15 (mol)
=> mAl = 9-3,6 = 5,4(g) => nAl = 5,4:27 = 0,2 (mol)
pthh : 2Al+6HCl -> 2AlCl3+3H2
0,2 0,3
Mg+2HCl -> MgCl2 +H2
0,15 0,15
=> nH2 = 0,15 + 0,3 = 0,45 (mol)
=> VH2 = 0,45.22,4 = 10,08 (L)
mH2 = 0,45 . 2 = 0,9 (mol)
áp dụng BLBTKL ta có :
mH2 + moxit sắt = mFe + mH2O
=> moxit sắt = 20,7 (g)
\(a) n_{Al} = \dfrac{7,5.36\%}{27} = 0,1(mol)\\ n_{Mg} = \dfrac{7,5-0,1.27}{24} = 0,2(mol)\\ 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\\ Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{AlCl_3} = n_{Al}= 0,1(mol) \Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3} = 0,1.133,5 = 13,35(gam)\\ n_{MgCl_2}= n_{Mg} = 0,2(mol) \Rightarrow m_{MgCl_2} = 0,2.95 = 19(gam)\\ b) n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al} + n_{Mg} = 0,35(mol)\\ V_{H_2} = 0,35.22,4 = 7,84(lít)\)
\(n_{Cl_2}=a\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_X=a+b=\dfrac{7.84}{22.4}=0.35\left(mol\right)\left(1\right)\)
Bảo toàn khối lượng :
\(m_{Cl_2}+m_{O_2}=30.1-11.1=19\left(g\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow71a+32b=19\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.2,b=0.15\)
\(Đặt:\)
\(n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right),n_{Al}=y\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_Y=24x+27y=11.1\left(g\right)\left(3\right)\)
Bảo toàn e :
\(2x+3y=0.2\cdot2+0.15\cdot4=1\left(4\right)\)
\(\left(3\right),\left(4\right):x=0.35,y=0.1\)
\(\%Mg=\dfrac{0.35\cdot24}{11.1}\cdot100\%=75.67\%\)
\(\%Al=24.33\%\)
a)
Gọi số mol Fe, Mg, Al là a, b,c (mol)
=> 56a + 24b + 27c = 6,4 (1)
nHCl = 0,5.1,6 = 0,8 (mol)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
a--->2a-------------->a
Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
b----->2b------------->b
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
c-->3c---------------->1,5c
=>nHCl(pư)=2a+2b+3c= \(\dfrac{56a}{28}+\dfrac{24b}{12}+\dfrac{27c}{9}< \dfrac{56a+24b+27c}{9}=\dfrac{6,4}{9}< 0,8\)
=> A tan hết
b)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{18,4}{80}=0,23\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + H2 --to--> Cu + H2O
0,23->0,23
=> a + b + 1,5c = 0,23 (2)
\(m_{Al}=\dfrac{6,4.33,75}{100}=2,16\left(g\right)\)
=> \(c=\dfrac{2,16}{27}=0,08\left(mol\right)\) (3)
(1)(2)(3) => a = 0,05 (mol); b = 0,06 (mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=2,16\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,05.56=2,8\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=0,06.24=1,44\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: \(2Mg+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2MgO\) (1)
\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\) (2)
a) Gọi số mol của Mg là a (mol) \(\Rightarrow n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}a\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow24a+27\cdot\dfrac{2}{3}a=6,3\) \(\Rightarrow a=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgO}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2O_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{MgO}=0,15\cdot40=6\left(g\right)\\m_{Al_2O_3}=0,05\cdot102=5,1\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{O_2\left(1\right)}=0,075\left(mol\right)\\n_{O_2\left(2\right)}=0,075\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{O_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,15\cdot22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
a) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{7,5.36\%}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{7,5-0,1.27}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,1------------>0,1----->0,15
Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
0,2------------>0,2----->0,2
=> mmuối = 0,1.133,5 + 0,2.95 = 32,35 (g)
b) VH2 = (0,15 + 0,2).22,4 = 7,84 (l)
a, Theo ĐLBTKL ta có: \(m_{O_2}=28,4-15,6=12,8\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=\dfrac{12,8}{32}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 4Al + 3O2 ---to→ 2Al2O3
Mol: x 0,75x
PTHH: 2Mg + O2 ---to→ 2MgO
Mol: y 0,5y
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=15,6\\0,75x+0,5y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,4\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Al}=0,4.27=10,8\left(g\right)\Rightarrow\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{10,8.100\%}{15,6}=69,23\%\)
\(m_{Mg}=15,6-10,8=4,8\left(g\right)\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8.100\%}{15,6}=30,77\%\)
b, \(V_{O_2}=0,4.22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\)
Câu 1:
Ta có: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,25.1=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Na_2CO_3+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+H_2O+CO_2\)
\(CaCO_3+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CaSO_4+H_2O+CO_2\)
\(MgCO_3+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O+CO_2\)
Theo PT, có: \(n_{H_2O}=n_{CO_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{CO_2}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\)
Theo ĐLBT KL, có: mhh + mH2SO4 = m muối + mH2O + mCO2
⇒ m muối = mhh + mH2SO4 - mH2O - mCO2
= 25,2 + 0,25.98 - 0,25.18 - 0,25.44
= 34,2 (g)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
Câu 2:
Ta có: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,5\cdot0,75=0,375\left(mol\right)=n_{H_2O}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{H_2SO_4}=0,375\cdot98=36,75\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2O}=0,375\cdot18=6,75\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bảo toàn khối lượng: \(m_{oxit}=m_{muối}+m_{H_2O}-m_{H_2SO_4}=28,5\left(g\right)\)
Bài 5:
mCu= 43,24% . 14,8\(\approx\) 6,4(g)
=>mFe\(\approx\) 14,8 - 6,4= 8,4(g)
=> nFe\(\approx\) 8,4/56\(\approx\) 0,15(mol)
PTHH: Fe + 2 HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
nH2=nFe \(\approx\) 0,15 (mol)
=> V(H2,đktc) \(\approx\) 0,15 . 22,4\(\approx\) 3,36(l)
Bài 6:
nH2= 4,368/22,4=0,195(mol)
Đặt: nMg=a(mol); nAl=b(mol) (a,b>0)
PTHH: Mg + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
a________2a_____a_____a(mol)
2 Al + 6 HCl -> 2 AlCl3 +3 H2
b____3b____b______1,5b(mol)
Ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+27b=3,87\\a+1,5b=0,195\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,06\\b=0,09\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) nH2SO4= 2a+3b=0,39(mol)
=> mH2SO4= 0,39.98=38,22(g)
b) m(muối)= mMgSO4 + mAl2(SO4)3= 120a+ 133,5b= 120.0,06+133,5.0,09= 19,215(g)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=3,27.41,28\%=1,35\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=3,27-1,35=1,92\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=\dfrac{1,35}{27}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=\dfrac{1,92}{24}=0,08\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH:
\(4Al+3O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2Al_2O_3\)
0,05->0,0375
\(2Mg+O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2MgO\)
0,08->0,04
=> V = (0,04 + 0,0375).22,4 = 1,736 (l)