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Lời giải:
Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix} 3a+b-c=x\\ 3b+c-a=y\\ 3c+a-b=z\end{matrix}\right.\)
Khi đó, điều kiện đb tương đương với:
\((x+y+z)^3=24+x^3+y^3+z^3\Leftrightarrow 3(x+y)(y+z)(x+z)=24\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 3(2a+4b)(2b+4c)(2c+4a)=24\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a+2b)(b+2c)(c+2a)=1\)
Do đó ta có đpcm.
2 ) b )
\(a+b+c+d=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b=-\left(c+d\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3=-\left(c+d\right)^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+3a^2b+3b^2a=-c^3-3c^2d-3d^2c-d^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+3a^2b+3b^2a+c^3+3c^2d+3d^2c+d^3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3=-3a^2b-3b^2a-3c^2d-3d^2c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3=-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3cd\left(c+d\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3=3ab\left(c+d\right)-3cd\left(c+d\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3=3\left(ab-cd\right)\left(c+d\right)\) \(\left(đpcm\right)\)
Xí trước phần b
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{abc}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{abc}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{abc}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{bc}{a^2b+ca^2}+\frac{ca}{b^2c+ab^2}+\frac{ab}{c^2a+bc^2}\)
\(=\frac{b^2c^2}{a^2b^2c+a^2bc^2}+\frac{c^2a^2}{ab^2c^2+a^2b^2c}+\frac{a^2b^2}{a^2bc^2+ab^2c^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(bc\right)^2}{ab+ca}+\frac{\left(ca\right)^2}{bc+ab}+\frac{\left(ab\right)^2}{ca+bc}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(bc+ca+ab\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(a=b=c=1\)
Cách làm khác của phần b ngắn gọn hơn:)
Ta có; \(\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}}{a\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{\frac{1}{b^2}}{b\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{\frac{1}{c^2}}{c\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}\right)^2}{ab+ca}+\frac{\left(\frac{1}{b}\right)^2}{bc+ab}+\frac{\left(\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{ca+bc}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{\left(\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: a = b = c = 1
1/ Đặt
\(\frac{a}{b^2}=x,\frac{b}{c^2}=y,\frac{c}{a^2}=z,xyz=1\)thì ta có
\(x+y+z=\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+zx=x+y+z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xyz-xy-yz-zx+x+y+z-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)\left(z-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=1;y=1;z=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b^2}=1;\frac{b}{c^2}=1;\frac{c}{a^2}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b^2;b=c^2;c=a^2\)
2/ Đặt
\(ab=x,bc=y,ca=z\) cần tính
\(P=\left(1+\frac{z}{y}\right)\left(1+\frac{x}{z}\right)\left(1+\frac{y}{x}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x+y+z=0\\x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx=0\end{cases}}\)
Xét \(x+y+z=0\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{x+y}{x}.\frac{y+z}{y}.\frac{z+x}{z}=\frac{\left(-x\right)\left(-y\right)\left(-z\right)}{xyz}=-1\)
Xét \(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)=8\)