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Áp dụng bất đẳng thức bu nhi a ta có \(\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)3\ge\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)
Áp dụng ta có
\(Q^2\le3\left(\frac{a}{1+a+ab}+\frac{b}{1+b+bc}+\frac{c}{1+c+ca}\right)\)
đặt \(M=\frac{a}{1+a+ab}+\frac{b}{1+b+bc}+\frac{c}{1+c+ca}=\frac{a}{1+a+ab}+\frac{ab}{a+ab+abc}+\frac{abc}{ab+abc+â^2bc}\)
\(=\frac{1}{a+ab+1}+\frac{a}{a+ab+1}+\frac{ab}{1+ab+1}=1\)
=> \(Q^2\le3\Rightarrow Q\le\sqrt{3}\)
mặt khác Áp dụng cô si ta có
\(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}=3\Rightarrow\sqrt{a+b+c}\ge\sqrt{3}\Rightarrow\sqrt{a+b+c}\ge Q\) (ĐPCM)
ta có:
\(\frac{a}{1+a+ab}+\frac{b}{1+b+bc}+\frac{c}{1+c+ca}=\frac{a}{abc+a+ab}+\frac{b}{1+b+bc}+\frac{bc}{b+bc+abc}\)
\(=\frac{1}{1+b+bc}+\frac{b}{1+b+bc}+\frac{bc}{1+b+bc}=1\)
ta có:
\(Q^2\le3\left(\frac{a}{1+a+ab}+\frac{b}{1+b+bc}+\frac{c}{1+c+ca}\right)=3\)
\(\Rightarrow Q\le\sqrt{3}=\sqrt{3\sqrt[3]{abc}}\le\sqrt{a+b+c}\left(Q.E.D\right)\)
dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
\(a+b+c=abc\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}=1\)
Đặt \(\left(\frac{1}{a};\frac{1}{b};\frac{1}{c}\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow xy+yz+zx=1\)
\(VT=\frac{x^2yz}{1+yz}+\frac{xy^2z}{1+zx}+\frac{xyz^2}{1+xy}=\frac{x^2yz}{xy+yz+yz+zx}+\frac{xy^2z}{xy+zx+yz+zx}+\frac{xyz^2}{xy+yz+xy+zx}\)
\(VT\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{x^2yz}{xy+yz}+\frac{x^2yz}{yz+zx}+\frac{xy^2z}{xy+zx}+\frac{xy^2z}{yz+zx}+\frac{xyz^2}{xy+yz}+\frac{xyz^2}{xy+zx}\right)\)
\(VT\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{x^2y}{x+y}+\frac{xy^2}{x+y}+\frac{y^2z}{y+z}+\frac{yz^2}{y+z}+\frac{x^2z}{x+z}+\frac{xz^2}{x+z}\right)\)
\(VT\le\frac{1}{4}\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=\frac{1}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)
Áp dụng BĐT côsi ta có:
a² + bc ≥ 2.a√(bc)
<=> 1/(a² + bc) ≤ 1/(2a√(bc)) -------------(1)
tương tự vậy:
1/(b² + ac) ≤ 1/(2b√(ac)) -------------------(2)
1/(c² + ab) ≤ 1/(2c√(ab)) -------------------(3)
lấy (1) + (2) + (3)
=> 1/(a² + bc) + 1/(b² + ac) + 1/(c² + ab) ≤ 1/(2a√(bc)) + 1/(2b√(ac)) + 1/(2c√(ab))
<=>1/(a² + bc) + 1/(b² + ac) + 1/(c² + ab) ≤ √(bc)/2abc + √(ac)/2abc + √(ab)/2abc
<=>1/(a² + bc) + 1/(b² + ac) + 1/(c² + ab) ≤ [√(bc) + √(ac) + √(ab) ]/2abc (!)
Ta chứng minh bổ đề:
√(ab) + √(bc) + √(ac) ≤ a + b + c
thật vậy, áp dụng BĐT côsi ta được:
a + b ≥ 2√(ab) --- (*)
a + c ≥ 2√(ac) --- (**)
b + c ≥ 2√(bc) --- (***)
lấy (*) + (**) + (***) => 2(a + b + c) ≥ 2.[ √(bc) + √(ac) + √(ab) ]
<=> √(bc) + √(ac) + √(ab) ≤ a + b + c (@)
từ (!) và (@)
=> 1/(a² + bc) + 1/(b² + ac) + 1/(c² + ab) ≤ (a + b + c)/2abc ( Đpcm )
Áp dụng AM - GM:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+bc}\le\frac{1}{2a\sqrt{bc}};\frac{1}{b^2+ac}\le\frac{1}{2b\sqrt{ca}};\frac{1}{c^2+ab}\le\frac{1}{2c\sqrt{ab}}\)
Khi đó:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+ca}+\frac{1}{c^2+ab}\le\frac{1}{2a\sqrt{bc}}+\frac{1}{2b\sqrt{ca}}+\frac{1}{2c\sqrt{ab}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}}{2abc}\le\frac{a+b+c}{2abc}\)
\(1.\)\(a^3b^3\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)\le\frac{\left(a+b\right)^8}{256}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3b^3\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)\left(a+b\right)\le\frac{\left(a+b\right)^9}{256}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3b^3\left(a+b\right)^3\left(a^3+b^3\right)\le\frac{\left(a+b\right)^{12}}{256}\)
\(VT=ab\left(a+b\right).ab\left(a+b\right).ab\left(a+b\right).\left(a^3+b^3\right)\)
\(\le\left(\frac{ab\left(a+b\right)+ab\left(a+b\right)+ab\left(a+b\right)+\left(a^3+b^3\right)}{4}\right)^4\)
\(\le\frac{\left(a^3+3a^2b+3ab^2+b^3\right)^4}{256}\)
\(\le\frac{\left(a+b\right)^{12}}{256}\left(đpcm\right).\)
\(2.\) \(\frac{1}{1+a}+\frac{1}{1+b}+\frac{1}{1+c}\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{1+a}\ge1-\frac{1}{1+b}+1-\frac{1}{1+c}\)
\(\ge\frac{b}{1+b}+\frac{c}{1+c}\)
\(\ge2\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{1+b}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ac}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+c\right)}}\\\frac{1}{1+c}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{1+a}.\frac{1}{1+b}.\frac{1}{1+c}\ge8\sqrt{\frac{a^2b^2c^2}{\left(1+a\right)^2.\left(1+b\right)^2.\left(1+c\right)^2}}\)\(\frac{1}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}\ge\frac{8abc}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(1\ge8abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(abc\ge\frac{1}{8}\left(đpcm\right).\)
Lời giải:
Từ $abc=1$ suy ra tồn tại $x,y,z>0$ sao cho \((a,b,c)=\left(\frac{x}{y},\frac{y}{z},\frac{z}{x}\right)\)
Bài toán chuyển về CMR:
\(A=\sqrt{\frac{yz}{xy+xz+2yz}}+\sqrt{\frac{xz}{xy+yz+2xz}}+\sqrt{\frac{xy}{2xy+yz+xz}}\leq \frac{3}{4}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM: \(\sqrt{\frac{yz}{xy+xz+2yz}}\leq \frac{yz}{xy+xz+2yz}+\frac{1}{4}\)
Thiết lập tương tự... \(\Rightarrow A\leq \frac{xy}{2xy+yz+xz}+\frac{yz}{xy+2yz+xz}+\frac{xz}{xy+yz+2xz}+\frac{3}{4}\) $(1)$
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\frac{1}{\frac{xy+yz+xz}{3}}+\frac{1}{\frac{xy+yz+xz}{3}}+\frac{1}{\frac{xy+yz+xz}{3}}+\frac{1}{xy}\geq \frac{16}{2xy+yz+xz}\Rightarrow \frac{9xy}{xy+yz+xz}+1\geq \frac{16xy}{2xy+yz+xz}\)
Thiết lập tương tự với các phân thức còn lại và công theo vế:
\(\Rightarrow \frac{xy}{2xy+yz+xz}+\frac{yz}{xy+2yz+xz}+\frac{xz}{xy+yz+2xz}\leq \frac{12}{16}=\frac{3}{4}\) $(2)$
Từ \((1),(2)\Rightarrow A\leq \frac{3}{2} (\text{đpcm})\).
Dấu $=$ xảy ra khi $x=y=z$ hay $a=b=c=1$
24. trong vio toán ak