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$n_{Fe_2O_3} = 0,05(mol)$
$n_{H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{150.20\%}{98} = \dfrac{15}{49}(mol)$
$Fe_2O_3 + 3H_2SO_4 \to Fe_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2O$
Ta thấy :
$n_{Fe_2O_3} : 1 < n_{H_2SO_4} :3$ nên $H_2SO_4$ dư
$m_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 8 + 150 = 158(gam)$
$n_{H_2SO_4\ dư} = \dfrac{15}{49} - 0,05.3 = \dfrac{153}{980}(mol)$
$n_{Fe_2(SO_4)_3} = 0,025(mol)$
$C\%_{H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{ \dfrac{153}{980}.98}{158} .100\% = 9,7\%$
$C\%_{Fe_2(SO_4)_3} = \dfrac{0,025.400}{158}.100\% = 6,3\%$
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{3,2}{80}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.20\%}{98}=0,204\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
\(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
0,04 0,04 0,04
\(\dfrac{0,04}{1}< \dfrac{0,204}{1}\) --> H2SO4 dư
\(C\%_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{0,04.160}{3,2+100}.100\%=6,2\%\)
\(C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,2.98}{3,2+100}.100\%=19\%\)
\(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{0,8}{40}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(MgO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{MgO}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,02.98}{50}.100\%=3,92\%\)
\(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{0,8}{40}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(MgO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O\)
0,02 0,02
\(a,m_{H_2SO_4}=0,02.98=1,96\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%=\dfrac{1,96}{50}.100\%=3,92\%\)
PTHH: \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200\cdot9,8\%}{98}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,2}{3}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Fe2O3 còn dư, tính theo axit
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe_2O_3\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{30}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1\cdot400=40\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe_2O_3\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{30}\cdot160\approx5,3\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{40}{16+200-5,3}\cdot100\%\approx18,98\%\)
Gọi nNa2CO3 = x (mol)
Na2CO3 + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) 2NaCl + H2O + CO2
x \(\rightarrow\) 2x \(\rightarrow\) 2 x (mol)
C%(NaCl) = \(\frac{2.58,5x}{200+120}\) . 100% = 20%
=> x =0,547 (mol)
mNa2CO3 = 0,547 . 106 = 57,982 (g)
mHCl = 2 . 0,547 . 36,5 =39,931 (g)
C%(Na2CO3) =\(\frac{57,892}{200}\) . 100% = 28,946%
C%(HCl) = \(\frac{39,931}{120}\) . 100% = 33,28%
a)
$n_{Al} = \dfrac{5,4}{27} = 0,2(mol)$
$2Al + 3H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2$
Theo PTHH:
$n_{H_2SO_4} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al} = 0,3(mol)$
$V_{dd\ H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{0,3}{2} = 0,15(lít)$
$n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al} = 0,1(mol)$
$C_{M_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}} = \dfrac{0,1}{0,15} = 0,67M$
b)
$V_{H_2} = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72(lít)$
PTHH: \(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\)
a+b) Ta có: \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{19,5}{65}=0,3\left(mol\right)=n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{ZnSO_4}\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,2}=1,5\left(M\right)=C_{M_{ZnSO_4}}\)
c) Theo PTHH: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,3mol\) \(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,3\cdot22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
d) Theo PTHH: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,2mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,2\cdot56=11,2\left(g\right)\)
1) n Mg= 19.2/24=0.8(mol)
n HCl= (200*3.65)/(100*36.5)=0.2(mol)
ta có phương trình phản ứng
Mg +2 HCL ➜ MgCl2 + H2
Trước phản ứng : 0.8 : 0.2 (mol)
Trong phản ứng : 0.1 : 0.2 : 0.1 : 0.2 (mol)
Sau phản ứng : 0.7 : 0 : 0.1 : 0.2 (mol)
mdd = 19.2+200-0.2*2-0.7*24=202(g)
C%MgCl2= (0.1*95/202)*100%= 4.703%
2) n ZnO= 48.6/81=0.6(mol)
n H2SO4= (200*9.8)/(100*98)=0.2(mol)
ta có phương trình phản ứng
ZnO + H2SO4 ➜ ZnSO4 + H20
Trước phản ứng : 0.6 : 0.2 (mol)
Trong phản ứng : 0.2 : 0.2 : 0.2 : 0.2 (mol)
Sau phản ứng : 0.4 : 0 : 0.2 : 0.2 (mol)
mdd = 48.6+200-0.2*2-0.4*65=222.2(g)
C%MgCl2= (0.2*81/222.2)*100%= 7.29%
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{1,6}{80}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=100.20\%=20\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{20}{98}=\dfrac{10}{49}\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + H2O
Mol: 0,02 0,02 0,02
Ta có: \(\dfrac{0,02}{1}< \dfrac{\dfrac{10}{49}}{1}\) ⇒ CuO hết, H2SO4 dư
mdd sau pứ = 1,6 + 100 = 101,6 (g)
\(C\%_{ddCuSO_4}=\dfrac{0,02.160.100\%}{101,6}=3,15\%\)
\(C\%_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{10}{49}-0,02\right).98.100\%}{101,6}=17,76\%\)
pthh: \(FeO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2O\)
bđ__0,04____0,4
pư__0,04____0,04______0,04
kt__0_______0,36______0,04
\(m_{ddsaupư}=2,88+200=202,88g\)
\(C\%ddH_2SO_4=\dfrac{0,36.98.100}{202,88}\approx17,39\%\)
\(C\%ddFeSO_4=\dfrac{0,04.152.100}{202,88}\approx3\%\)