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a, PT: \(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{1,95}{65}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1,47}{98}=0,015\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,03}{1}>\dfrac{0,015}{1}\), ta được Zn dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{Zn\left(pư\right)}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,015\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=0,03-0,015=0,015\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=0,015.65=0,975\left(g\right)\)
c, \(n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,015\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,015.22,4=0,336\left(l\right)\)
a) Zn + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2
b) \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{1,95}{65}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1,47}{98}=0,015\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,03}{1}>\dfrac{0,015}{1}\) => Zn dư, H2SO4 hết
PTHH: Zn + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2
____0,015<-0,015--->0,015->0,015
=> mZn(dư) = (0,03-0,015).65 = 0,975 (g)
c) VH2 = 0,015.22,4 = 0,336(l)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{16,25}{65}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Zn+H_2SO_4->ZnSO_4+H_2\)
tỉ lệ 1 : 1 : 1 : 1
n(mol) 0,25-->0,25------->0,25------>0,25
\(V_{H_2\left(dktc\right)}=n\cdot22,4=0,25\cdot22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\\ m_{ZnSO_4}=n\cdot M=0,25\cdot\left(65+32+16\cdot4\right)=40,25\left(g\right)\)
PTHH: \(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{49}{98}=0,5\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Axit còn dư
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{H_2}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,3\cdot98=29,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
nH2SO4=0,5(mol)
nZn=0,2(mol)
a) PTHH: Zn + H2SO4 -> ZnSO4 + H2
ta có: 0,5/1 > 0,2/1
=> Zn hết, H2SO4 dư, tính theo nZn
b) m(H2SO4 dư)= (0,5-0,2).98=29,4(g)
c) nH2= nZn=0,2(mol)
=>V(H2,đktc)=0,2.22,4=4,48(l)
a, \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + H2SO4 -----> FeSO4 + H2
b, ko tính đc do thiếu khối lượng ddH2SO4
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
nFe = 5,6 : 56 = 0,1 (mol)
nH2SO4 (đủ) = 0,1 (mol)
mH2SO4 = 0,1 . 98 = 9,8 (g)
\(mH_2SO_{\text{4(thamgiapứ) }}=\dfrac{9,8.100}{49}=20\left(g\right)\)
H2SO4 dư , Fe đủ
mH2SO4 dư = 20 - 9,8 = 10,2(g)
mFeSO4 = 0,1 . 152 = 15,2(g)
VH2 = 0,1 .22,4 = 2,24(l)
mH2 = 0,1 . 2 = 0,2 (g)
\(C\%H_2SO_4=\dfrac{10,2.100}{5,6+20+15,2-0,2}=25\%\)
\(C\%_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{15,2.100}{5,6+20+15,2-0,2}=37\%\)
Nếu có thể thì lần sau bạn nên đăng tách từng bài ra nhé!
Bài 1:
PT: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{3,65}{36,5}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{2}\) , ta được Mg dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{Mg\left(pư\right)}=n_{MgCl_2}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Mg\left(dư\right)}=0,1-0,05=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg\left(dư\right)}=0,05.24=1,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{MgCl_2}=0,05.95=4,75\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\)
Bài 2:
PT: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{14,7}{98}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}>\dfrac{0,15}{3}\) , ta được Al dư.
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2SO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{H_2SO_4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Al\left(dư\right)}=0,2-0,1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al\left(dư\right)}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,05.342=17,1\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
Bài 3:
PT: \(2M+6HCl\rightarrow2MCl_3+3H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,704}{22,4}=0,21\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_M=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,14\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow M_M=\dfrac{3,78}{0,14}=27\left(g/mol\right)\)
Vậy: M là nhôm (Al).
Bài 4:
PT: \(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{KMnO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2P_2O_5\)
Ta có: \(n_P=\dfrac{6,2}{31}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{4}>\dfrac{0,2}{5}\) , ta được P dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{P_2O_5}=\dfrac{2}{5}n_{O_2}=0,08\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{P_2O_5}=0,08.142=11,36\left(g\right)\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
a) PTHH: Fe + H2SO4 ===> FeSO4 + H2
b) Ta có: nFe =
Theo PTHH, nH2SO4 = nFe = 0,25 (mol)
=> mH2SO4 = 0,25 x 98 = 24,5 (gam)
c) Theo PTHH, nH2 = nFe = 0,25 (mol)
=> VH2(đktc) = 0,25 x 22,4 = 5,6 (l)
d) Theo PTHH, nFeSO4 = nFe = 0,25 (mol)
=> mFeSO4(tạo thành) = 0,25 x 152 = 38 (gam)
\(a,n_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,65}{65}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
0,01--->0,02---->0,01---->0,01
\(V_{H_2}=0,01.22,4=0,224\left(l\right)\\ b,m_{ZnCl_2}=0,01.136=1,36\left(g\right)\\ V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,02}{2}=0,01\left(l\right)\)
200ml = 0,2l
\(n_{HCl}=0,5.0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
a) Pt : \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2|\)
1 2 1 1
0,05 0,1 0,1 0,05
b) \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1.2}{1}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{Mg}=0,05.24=1,2\left(g\right)\)
c) \(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,1.1}{2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\)
d) \(n_{MgCl2}=\dfrac{0,05.1}{1}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(C_{M_{MgCl2}}=\dfrac{0,05}{0,2}=0,25\left(M\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
a)\(PTHH:Zn+H_2SO_4\underrightarrow{ }ZnSO_4+H_2\)
b)\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{1,95}{65}=0,03\left(m\right)\);\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1,57}{98}=0,16\left(m\right)\)
\(PTHH:Zn+H_2SO_4\xrightarrow[]{}ZnSO_4+H_2\)
ta có tỉ lệ:\(\dfrac{0,3}{1}>\dfrac{0,16}{1}->Zndư\)
\(n_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=0,3-0,16=0,14\left(m\right)\)
\(m_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=0,14.65=9,1\left(g\right)\)
c)\(PTHH:Zn+H_2SO_4\xrightarrow[]{}ZnSO_4+H_2\)
tỉ lệ :1 1 1 1
số mol :0,16 0,16 0,16 0,16
\(V_{H_2}=0,16.22,4=3,584\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{1,95}{65}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{1,57}{98}\approx0,016\left(mol\right)\)
\(PT:Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
\(\dfrac{n_{Zn\left(ĐB\right)}}{n_{Zn\left(PT\right)}}=\dfrac{0,03}{1}>\dfrac{n_{H_2SO_4\left(ĐB\right)}}{n_{H_2SO_4}\left(PT\right)}=\dfrac{0,016}{1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Zn dư , H2SO4 hết , tính theo H2SO4
b, Theo PT : \(n_{zn}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,016\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn\left(pứ\right)}=n\cdot M=0,016\cdot32=0,512\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=m_{Zn\left(ĐB\right)}-n_{Zn\left(Pứ\right)}=1,95-0,512=1,438\left(g\right)\)
c, Theo PT : \(n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,016\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_{2\left(đktc\right)}}=n\cdot22,4=0,016\cdot22,4=0,3584\left(l\right)\)