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\(a) m_{Cu} = 9,6(gam)\\ n_{Al} = a(mol) ; n_{Fe} = b(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 27a + 56b = 16,55 -9,6 =6,95(1)\\ 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\\ Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = 1,5a + b = \dfrac{3,92}{22,4} = 0,175(2)\\ (1)(2) \Rightarrow a = 0,05 ; b = 0,1\\ m_{Al} = 0,05.27 = 1,35(gam); n_{Fe} = 0,1.56 = 5,6(gam)\)
\(b) n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,175.2 = 0,35(mol) \Rightarrow m_{HCl} = 0,35.36,5 = 12,775(gam)\)
a) PTHH : \(2Al+6HCl-->2AlCl_3+3H_2\) (1)
\(Fe+2HCl-->FeCl_2+H_2\) (2)
\(H_2+CuO-t^o->Cu+H_2O\) (3)
b) Ta có : \(m_{CR\left(giảm\right)}=m_{O\left(lay.di\right)}\)
=> \(m_{O\left(lay.di\right)}=32-26,88=5,12\left(g\right)\)
=> \(n_{O\left(lay.di\right)}=\frac{5,12}{16}=0,32\left(mol\right)\)
Theo pthh (3) : \(n_{H_2\left(pứ\right)}=n_{O\left(lay.di\right)}=0,32\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(tổng.n_{H_2}=\frac{0,32}{80}\cdot100=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\end{cases}}\) => \(27a+56b=11\left(I\right)\)
Theo pthh (1) và (2) : \(n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=\frac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\frac{3}{2}a\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(\frac{3}{2}a+b=0,4\left(II\right)\)
Từ (I) và (II) => \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{cases}}\)
=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}m_{Al}=27\cdot0,2=5,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=56\cdot0,1=5,6\left(g\right)\end{cases}}\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1mol\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
0,1 0,1 ( mol )
( Cu không tác dụng với dd axit HCl )
\(m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6g\)
\(\rightarrow m_{Cu}=12-5,6=6,4g\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{12}.100=46,66\%\\\%m_{Cu}=100\%-46,66\%=53,34\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\\n_{Cu}=y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(4Al+3O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Al_2O_3\)
x 1/2 x ( mol )
\(2Cu+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2CuO\)
y y ( mol )
Ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+64y=18,2\\51x+80y=26,2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4g\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=0,2.64=12,8\)
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{18,2}.100=29,67\%\)
\(\%m_{Cu}=100\%-29,67=70,33\%\)
Gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol của Al, Fe
nH2 = \(\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}\)=0,4 mol
Pt: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
......x.................................0,5x...........1,5x
.....Fe + H2SO4 --> FeSO4 + H2
.......y..........................y............y
Ta có hệ pt:
{27x+56y=11
1,5x+y=0,4
⇔x=0,2, y=0,1
% mAl = \(\dfrac{0,2.27}{11}\).100%=49,1%
% mFe = \(\dfrac{0,1.56}{11}\).100%=50,9%
mAl2(SO4)3 = 0,5x . 342 = 0,5 . 0,2 . 342 = 34,2 (g)
mFeSO4 = 152y = 152 . 0,1 = 15,2 (g)
Gọi CTTQ: MxOy
Pt: MxOy + yH2 --to--> xM + yH2O
\(\dfrac{0,4}{y}\)<-------0,4
Ta có: 232,2=\(\dfrac{0,4}{y}\)(56x+16y)
⇔23,2=\(\dfrac{22,4x}{y}\)+6,4
⇔\(\dfrac{22,4x}{y}\)=16,8
⇔22,4x=16,8y
⇔x:y=3:4
Vậy CTHH của oxit: Fe3O4
Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ 27x + 56y = 5,5 (1)
PT: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}+n_{Fe}=\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\left(mol\right)\\y=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{5,5}.100\%\approx49,09\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx50,91\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05mol\)
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
0,05 0,05 ( mol )
( Cu không tác dụng với dd axit H2SO4 loãng )
\(m_{Mg}=0,05.24=1,2g\)
\(\rightarrow m_{Cu}=8-1,2=6,8g\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{1,2}{8}.200=15\%\\\%m_{Cu}=100\%-15\%=85\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25(mol)\\ a,PTHH:Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(b,\) Đặt \(n_{Fe}=x(mol);n_{Al}=y(mol)\)
\(\Rightarrow 56x+27y=8,3(1)\)
Theo PTHH: \(x+1,5y=0,25(2)\)
\((1)(2)\Rightarrow x=y=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56}{8,3}.100\%=67,47\%\\ \%_{Al}=100\%-67,47\%=32,53\%\)
Gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol của Al, Fe
nH2 = \(\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\) mol
Pt: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
.......x......................................1,5x
.....Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
......y....................................y
Ta có hệ pt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=11\\1,5x+y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
% mAl = \(\dfrac{0,2\times27}{11}.100\%=49,1\%\)
% mFe = \(\dfrac{0,1\times56}{11}.100\%=50,9\%\)
nH2 = 0,4 mol
Đặt nAl = x ; nFe = y
2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2
x.........3x...........x...............1,5x
Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2
y........2y..............y........y
Ta có hệ
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=11\\1,5x+y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ mAl = 0,2.27 = 5,4 (g)
⇒ %Al = \(\dfrac{5,4.100\%}{11}\) \(\approx\)49,1%
⇒ mFe = 0,1.56 = 5,6 (g)
⇒ %Fe = \(\dfrac{5,6.100\%}{11}\) \(\approx\)50,9%