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a)\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Mol: x 1,5x
PTHH: Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2
Mol: y y
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=5,1\\1,5x+y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27.100\%}{5,1}=52,94\%;\%m_{Mg}=100-52,94=47,06\%\)
b)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Mol: 0,1 0,15 0,05
PTHH: Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2
Mol: 0,1 0,1 0,1
\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(0,1+0,15\right).98.100}{9,8}=250\left(g\right)\)
mdd sau pứ = 5,1+250-0,15.2 = 254,8(g)
\(C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342.100\%}{254,8}=6,71\%\)
\(C\%_{ddMgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120.100\%}{254,8}=4,71\%\)
Bài 3 :
a) $Mg + H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4 + H_2$
$n_{Mg} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3,36}{22,4} = 0,15(mol)$
$\%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,15.24}{13,2}.100\% = 27,27\%$
$\%m_{Cu} = 100\% -27,27\% = 72,73\%$
b) $n_{Cu} = \dfrac{13,2 - 0,15.24}{64}= 0,15(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{muối} = 0,15.120 + 0,15.160= 42(gam)$
Bài 4 :
Gọi $n_{Fe} = a(mol) ; n_{Mg} = b(mol)$
$56a + 24b = 18,4(1)$
$Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2$
$Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2$
Theo PTHH : $n_{H_2} = a + b = \dfrac{11,2}{22,4} = 0,5(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,2 ; b = 0,3
$\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,2.56}{18,4}.100\% = 60,87\%$
$\%m_{Mg} = 100\% -60,87\% = 39,13\%$
b) $n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 1(mol)$
$V_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{1}{0,8}= 1,25(lít)$
Bài 1: Sửa đề: 1,53g hỗn hợp 2 kim loại
Khí sinh ra: H2
Gọi nAl = x, nMg = y
=> 27x + 24y = 1,53 (1)
Bảo toàn e
3x + 2y = 2.\(\dfrac{1,68}{22,4}=0,15mol\)(2)
Từ (1) + (2) => x = 0,03, y = 0,03
%mAl = \(\dfrac{0,03.27}{1,53}.100\%=52,94\%\)
%mMg = 47,06%
Bài 1:
a+b) PTHH: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{Fe}\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,2\cdot56=11,2\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=6,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{17,6}\cdot100\%\approx63,64\%\\\%m_{Cu}=36,36\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) Ta có: \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{6,4}{64}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{CuSO_4}\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{muối}=0,1\cdot400+0,1\cdot160=56\left(g\right)\)
Bài 2:
Quy đổi hh gồm Fe (a mol) và O (b mol)
\(\Rightarrow56a+16b=27,6\) (1)
Ta có: \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{5,04}{22,4}=0,225\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn electron: \(3n_{Fe}=2n_O+2n_{SO_2}\) \(\Rightarrow3a-2b=0,45\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,39\\b=0,36\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Fe}=0,195\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,195\cdot400=78\left(g\right)\)
\(a) Mg + H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4 + H_2\\ n_{Mg} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{1,12}{22,4} =0,05(mol)\\ m_{Mg} = 0,05.24 =1,2(gam)\\ m_{Cu} = 7,6 -1,2 = 6,4(gam)\\ b) n_{H_2SO_4} = n_{H_2} = 0,05(mol) \Rightarrow V_{dd\ H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{0,05}{0,5} =0,1(lít)\\ c) n_{MgSO_4} = n_{H_2} = 0,05(mol) \Rightarrow m_{MgSO_4} = 0,05.120 = 6(gam)\\ d) \text{Bảo toàn electron: } 2n_{Mg} + 2n_{Cu} = 2n_{SO_2}\\ \Rightarrow n_{SO_2} = 0,05 + \dfrac{6,4}{64} = 0,15(mol) \Rightarrow V_{SO_2} = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36(lít)\)
a) Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow56a+65b=12,1\) (1)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn electron: \(2n_{Fe}+2n_{Zn}=2n_{H_2}\) \(\Rightarrow2a+2b=0,4\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot56}{12,1}\cdot100\%\approx46,28\%\\\%m_{Zn}=53,72\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{FeSO_4}=n_{Fe}=n_{Zn}=n_{ZnSO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(p.ứ\right)}=n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2\cdot110\%=0,22\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{FeSO_4}=0,1\cdot152=15,2\left(g\right)\\m_{ZnSO_4}=0,1\cdot161=16,1\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,2\cdot2=0,4\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,22-0,2\right)\cdot98=1,96\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{KL}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=211,7\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{15,2}{211,7}\cdot100\%\approx7,18\%\\C\%_{ZnSO_4}=\dfrac{16,1}{211,7}\cdot100\%\approx7,61\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1,96}{22,4}\cdot100\%\approx0,93\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{12,32}{22,4}=0,55\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
Mg + H2SO4 ---> MgSO4 + H2
a-------------------------------->a
Fe + H2SO4 ---> FeSO4 + H2
b------------------------------->b
=> Hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+56b=22,8\\a+b=0,55\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,25\left(mol\right)\\b=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,25.24=6\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,3.56=16,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{6}{6+16,8}.100\%=26,31\%\\\%m_{Fe}=100\%-26,31\%=73,69\%\end{matrix}\right.\)