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\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5mol\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\\n_{Mg}=y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
x 3/2x
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
y y ( mol )
Ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=10,2\\\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4g\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=0,2.24=4,8g\)
=> Chọn C
Gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol của Al, Mg
nH2 = \(\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}\)=0,3mol
Pt: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
......x.........................................1,5x
.....Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
......y......................................y
Ta có hệ pt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1,5x+y=0,3\\27x+24y=10,2\end{matrix}\right.\)=> số âm xem lại
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1mol\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
0,1 0,1 ( mol )
\(m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6g\)
\(\rightarrow m_{Cu}=10-5,6=4,4g\)
--> B
ta có n Mg=nZn
=>n H2=0,2 mol
->n Zn=n Mg=0,1 mol
=>m Mg=0,1.24=2,4g
=>B
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
=> nHCl = 0,5 (mol)
mmuối = mkim loại + mCl = 10,2 + 0,5.35,5 = 27,95(g)
Bài 5:
mCu= 43,24% . 14,8\(\approx\) 6,4(g)
=>mFe\(\approx\) 14,8 - 6,4= 8,4(g)
=> nFe\(\approx\) 8,4/56\(\approx\) 0,15(mol)
PTHH: Fe + 2 HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
nH2=nFe \(\approx\) 0,15 (mol)
=> V(H2,đktc) \(\approx\) 0,15 . 22,4\(\approx\) 3,36(l)
Bài 6:
nH2= 4,368/22,4=0,195(mol)
Đặt: nMg=a(mol); nAl=b(mol) (a,b>0)
PTHH: Mg + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
a________2a_____a_____a(mol)
2 Al + 6 HCl -> 2 AlCl3 +3 H2
b____3b____b______1,5b(mol)
Ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+27b=3,87\\a+1,5b=0,195\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,06\\b=0,09\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) nH2SO4= 2a+3b=0,39(mol)
=> mH2SO4= 0,39.98=38,22(g)
b) m(muối)= mMgSO4 + mAl2(SO4)3= 120a+ 133,5b= 120.0,06+133,5.0,09= 19,215(g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=\dfrac{40.9}{100}=3,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=9-3,6=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=\dfrac{3,6}{24}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH:
Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2
0,15 ------------------------> 0,15
2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,2 ---------------------------> 0,3
\(\rightarrow V_{H_2}=\left(0,15+0,3\right).22,4=10,08\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{6,48}{18}=0,36\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: FexOy + yH2 --to--> xFe + yH2O
Theo pthh: \(n_{O\left(oxit\right)}=n_{H_2\left(pư\right)}=n_{H_2O}=0,36\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{oxit}=15,12+16.0,36=20,88\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{15,12}{56}=0,27\left(mol\right)\)
CTHH: FexOy
=> x : y = 0,27 : 0,36 = 3 : 4
=> CTHH: Fe3O4 (oxit sắt từ)
mMg = 40%x9 = 3,6(g) =>nMg=3,6:24 = 0,15 (mol)
=> mAl = 9-3,6 = 5,4(g) => nAl = 5,4:27 = 0,2 (mol)
pthh : 2Al+6HCl -> 2AlCl3+3H2
0,2 0,3
Mg+2HCl -> MgCl2 +H2
0,15 0,15
=> nH2 = 0,15 + 0,3 = 0,45 (mol)
=> VH2 = 0,45.22,4 = 10,08 (L)
mH2 = 0,45 . 2 = 0,9 (mol)
áp dụng BLBTKL ta có :
mH2 + moxit sắt = mFe + mH2O
=> moxit sắt = 20,7 (g)
\(a.2Al+6HCl->2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Mg+2HCl->MgCl_2+H_2\\ b.n_{Al}=a,n_{Mg}=b\\ 27a+24b=7,5\left(I\right)\\ 1,5a+b=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(II\right)\\ a=0,1;b=0,2\\ \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27\cdot0,1}{7,5}\cdot100\%=36\%\\ \%m_{Mg}=64\%\\ c.m_{HCl}=36,5\left(0,1\cdot3+0,2\cdot2\right)=18,25g\\ d.m_{ddsau}=7,5+\dfrac{18,25}{14,6:100}-0,35\cdot2=131,8g\\ C\%\left(AlCl_3\right)=\dfrac{133,5\cdot0,1}{131,8}\cdot100\%=10,1\%\\ C\%\left(MgCl_2\right)=\dfrac{95\cdot0,2}{131,8}\cdot100\%=14,4\%\)
Lập hệ phương trình ( Al là x , Mg là y )
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=15\\27x=\dfrac{36}{100}.15\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\)
2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,2 0,3
2Mg + 4HCl ---> 2MgCl2 + 2H2
0,4 0,4
\(\Sigma n_{H2\uparrow}=0,3+0,4=0,7\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H2\uparrow}=0,7.22,4=15,68\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,5\cdot1=0,5mol\)
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
x x x x
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
y 1,5y 0,5y 1,5y
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+27y=7,8\\x+1,5y=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(n_oâm\right)\\y=\dfrac{7}{15}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Em kiểm tra lại đề nha!!!
\(10,2g\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Al\\Mg\end{matrix}\right.+H2SO4->\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Al2\left(SO4\right)3\\MgSO4\end{matrix}\right.+11,2lH2\)
\(nH2=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn e ( số mol Al là x , Mg là y )
\(3x+2y=1\)
Ta có hệ phương trình :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=10,2\\3x+2y=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\left(mol\right)\\y=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}mAl=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\\mMg=0,2.24=4,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ Chọn C .