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3/ Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM, ta có :
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(ab\right)^2}{\left(bc\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2a}{c}\)
\(\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(bc\right)^2}{\left(ac\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2b}{a}\)
\(\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(ac\right)^2}{\left(ab\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2c}{b}\)
Cộng 3 vế của BĐT trên ta có :
\(2\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\left(\text{đpcm}\right)\)
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+ab}\leq \frac{1}{2\sqrt{a^2.bc}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{b^2.ac}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{c^2.ab}}=\frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}}{2abc}\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{ab}\leq \frac{b+c}{2}+\frac{c+a}{2}+\frac{a+b}{2}=a+b+c\)
Do đó:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+ab}\leq \frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}}{2abc}\leq \frac{a+b+c}{2abc}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
1: \(\Leftrightarrow a\sqrt{a}+b\sqrt{b}>=\sqrt{ab}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\)
=>\(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(a-\sqrt{ab}+b-\sqrt{ab}\right)>=0\)
=>\(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2>=0\)(luôn đúng)
a) Sai với \(a=1,b=2\)
b)
Thực hiện biến đổi tương đương:
\(\frac{a}{3b}+\frac{b(a+b)}{a^2+ab+b^2}\geq 1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a}{3b}+\frac{b(a+b)+a^2}{a^2+ab+b^2}-\frac{a^2}{a^2+ab+b^2}\geq 1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a}{3b}-\frac{a^2}{a^2+ab+b^2}\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{3b}-\frac{a}{a^2+ab+b^2}\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a^2+ab+b^2-3ab}{3b(a^2+ab+b^2)}\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{(a-b)^2}{3b(a^2+ab+b^2)}\geq 0\) (luôn đúng)
Do đó ta có đpcm. Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b$
c) BĐT sai với \(a=1,b=2\)
\(A=\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b+c}{a}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c+a}{b}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}+\dfrac{a+b}{c}\)
\(A=\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b+c}{a}+\dfrac{c+a}{b}+\dfrac{a+b}{c}\right)\)
\(A\ge\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{b+c}{a}+\dfrac{c+a}{b}+\dfrac{a+b}{c}\) (bất đẳng thức Nesbit)
\(A\ge\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{c}{a}+\dfrac{c}{b}+\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{b}{c}\)
\(A\ge\dfrac{3}{2}+\left(\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{a}{b}\right)+\left(\dfrac{c}{a}+\dfrac{a}{c}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM cho 2 số dương ta có:
\(A\ge\dfrac{3}{2}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{ab}}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{ac}{ac}}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{bc}{bc}}\)
\(A\ge\dfrac{3}{2}+2+2+2=\dfrac{15}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu"=" xảy ra khi: \(a=b=c\)
Đặt vế trái là T, ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{b+1}}=\dfrac{a\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{2}.\sqrt{b+1}}\ge\dfrac{a\sqrt{2}}{\dfrac{b+1+2}{2}}=\dfrac{a.2\sqrt{2}}{b+3}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{c+1}}\ge\dfrac{b.2\sqrt{2}}{c+3}\)
\(\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{a+1}}\ge\dfrac{c.2\sqrt{2}}{a+3}\)
Cộng vế theo vế các BĐT vừa chứng minh, ta được
\(T\ge2\sqrt{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{b+3}+\dfrac{b}{c+3}+\dfrac{c}{a+3}\right)=2\sqrt{2}\left(\dfrac{a^2}{ab+3a}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+3b}+\dfrac{c^2}{ac+3c}\right)\)
\(T\ge2\sqrt{2}.\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca+3\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(T\ge2\sqrt{2}.\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}+3\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(T\ge2\sqrt{2}.\dfrac{3^2}{\dfrac{3^2}{3}+9}=\dfrac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}\)(đpcm)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
b) Đặt vế trái là N,ta có:
\(\sum\sqrt{\dfrac{a^3}{b+3}}=\sum\sqrt{\dfrac{a^4}{ab+3}}=\sum\dfrac{a^2}{\sqrt{ab+3}}=\sum\dfrac{2a^2}{\sqrt{4a\left(b+3\right)}}\ge\sum\dfrac{2a^2}{\dfrac{4a+b+3}{2}}=\sum\dfrac{4a^2}{4a+b+3}\)
\(\sum\dfrac{4a^2}{4a+b+3}\ge\dfrac{\left(2a+2b+2c\right)^2}{4a+b+3+4b+c+3+4c+a+3}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)(đpcm)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}+1=\dfrac{a^2}{ab}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc}+\dfrac{c^2}{ca}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a+2b+c\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca+b^2}=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2+2\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{a+b}{b+c}+\dfrac{b+c}{a+b}+2\)
Sorry bác Neet tới đây e bí mất 
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\ge3.\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{b}{c}.\dfrac{c}{a}}=3\)(1)
\(\dfrac{a+b}{b+c}+\dfrac{b+c}{a+b}\ge2.\sqrt{\dfrac{a+b}{b+c}.\dfrac{b+c}{a+b}}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{b+c}+\dfrac{b+c}{a+b}+1\ge3\)(2)
Từ (1), (2), ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}-\dfrac{a+b}{b+c}-\dfrac{b+c}{a+b}-1\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\ge\dfrac{a+b}{b+c}+\dfrac{b+c}{a+b}+1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Nice proof, nhưng đã quy đồng là phải thế này :v
\(BDT\Leftrightarrow\left(2a-\sqrt{a^2+3}\right)+\left(2b-\sqrt{b^2+3}\right)+\left(2c-\sqrt{c^2+3}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2-1}{2a+\sqrt{a^2+3}}+\dfrac{b^2-1}{2b+\sqrt{b^2+3}}+\dfrac{c^2-1}{2c+\sqrt{c^2+3}}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2-1}{2a+\sqrt{a^2+3}}+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-a\right)+\dfrac{b^2-1}{2b+\sqrt{b^2+3}}+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}-b\right)+\dfrac{c^2-1}{2c+\sqrt{c^2+3}}+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}-c\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2a+\sqrt{a^2+3}}-\dfrac{1}{4a}\right)+\left(b^2-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2b+\sqrt{b^2+3}}-\dfrac{1}{4b}\right)+\left(c^2-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2c+\sqrt{a^2+3}}-\dfrac{1}{4c}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a^2-1\right)\left(2a-\sqrt{a^2+3}\right)}{a\left(2a+\sqrt{a^2+3}\right)}+\dfrac{\left(b^2-1\right)\left(2b-\sqrt{b^2+3}\right)}{b\left(2b+\sqrt{b^2+3}\right)}+\dfrac{\left(c^2-1\right)\left(2c-\sqrt{c^2+3}\right)}{c\left(2c+\sqrt{c^2+3}\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a^2-1\right)^2}{a\left(2a+\sqrt{a^2+3}\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(b^2-1\right)^2}{b\left(2b+\sqrt{b^2+3}\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(c^2-1\right)^2}{c\left(2c+\sqrt{c^2+3}\right)^2}\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Khi \(f\left(t\right)=\sqrt{1+t}\) là hàm lõm trên \([-1, +\infty)\) ta có:
\(f(t)\le f(3)+f'(3)(t-3)\forall t\ge -1\)
Tức là \(f\left(t\right)\le2+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(t-3\right)=\dfrac{5}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}t\forall t\ge-1\)
Áp dụng BĐT này ta có:
\(\sqrt{a^2+3}=a\sqrt{1+\dfrac{3}{a^2}}\le a\left(\dfrac{5}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}\cdot\dfrac{3}{a^2}\right)=\dfrac{5}{4}a+\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot\dfrac{1}{a}\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta cũng có:
\(\sqrt{b^2+3}\le\dfrac{5}{4}b+\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot\dfrac{1}{b};\sqrt{c^2+3}\le\dfrac{5}{4}c+\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot\dfrac{1}{c}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VP\le\dfrac{5}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=2\left(a+b+c\right)=VT\)