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Bài 1:
a+b) PTHH: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{Fe}\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,2\cdot56=11,2\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=6,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{17,6}\cdot100\%\approx63,64\%\\\%m_{Cu}=36,36\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) Ta có: \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{6,4}{64}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{CuSO_4}\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{muối}=0,1\cdot400+0,1\cdot160=56\left(g\right)\)
Bài 2:
Quy đổi hh gồm Fe (a mol) và O (b mol)
\(\Rightarrow56a+16b=27,6\) (1)
Ta có: \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{5,04}{22,4}=0,225\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn electron: \(3n_{Fe}=2n_O+2n_{SO_2}\) \(\Rightarrow3a-2b=0,45\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,39\\b=0,36\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Fe}=0,195\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,195\cdot400=78\left(g\right)\)
Bài 3 :
a) $Mg + H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4 + H_2$
$n_{Mg} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3,36}{22,4} = 0,15(mol)$
$\%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,15.24}{13,2}.100\% = 27,27\%$
$\%m_{Cu} = 100\% -27,27\% = 72,73\%$
b) $n_{Cu} = \dfrac{13,2 - 0,15.24}{64}= 0,15(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{muối} = 0,15.120 + 0,15.160= 42(gam)$
Bài 4 :
Gọi $n_{Fe} = a(mol) ; n_{Mg} = b(mol)$
$56a + 24b = 18,4(1)$
$Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2$
$Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2$
Theo PTHH : $n_{H_2} = a + b = \dfrac{11,2}{22,4} = 0,5(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,2 ; b = 0,3
$\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,2.56}{18,4}.100\% = 60,87\%$
$\%m_{Mg} = 100\% -60,87\% = 39,13\%$
b) $n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 1(mol)$
$V_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{1}{0,8}= 1,25(lít)$
nH2= 0,35(mol)
a) PTHH: Mg + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
x_________2x_______x______x(mol)
PTHH: Fe + 2 HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
y________2y________y_____y(mol)
Ta có hpt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+56y=13,2\\x+y=0,35\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) m=m(muối khan)= mMgCl2 + mFeCl2= 95.x+127y=95.0,2+127.0,15= 38,05(g)
a)
Gọi
\(n_{Fe} = a(mol) ; n_{Mg} = b(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 56a + 24b = 13,2(1)\)
\(Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\)
Theo PTHH : \(n_{H_2} = a + b = 0,35(mol)\)(2)
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,15 ;b = 0,2
Vậy :
\(\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,15.56}{13,2}.100\% = 63,64\%\\ \Rightarrow m_{Mg} = 100\% - 63,64\% = 36,36\%\)
b)
Ta có :\(n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,7(mol)\)
Bảo toàn khối lượng :
\(m_{muối} = m_{kim\ loại} + m_{HCl} - m_{H_2} = 13,2 + 0,7.36,5 - 0,35.2=38,05(gam)\)
Sửa đề: đktc → đkc
a, \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Ta có: 24nMg + 56nFe = 13,2 (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,6765}{24,79}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}+n_{Fe}=0,35\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,2.24}{13,2}.100\%\approx36,36\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx63,64\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ m muối khan = 0,2.95 + 0,15.127 = 38,05 (g)
a)\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Mol: x 1,5x
PTHH: Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2
Mol: y y
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=5,1\\1,5x+y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27.100\%}{5,1}=52,94\%;\%m_{Mg}=100-52,94=47,06\%\)
b)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Mol: 0,1 0,15 0,05
PTHH: Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2
Mol: 0,1 0,1 0,1
\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(0,1+0,15\right).98.100}{9,8}=250\left(g\right)\)
mdd sau pứ = 5,1+250-0,15.2 = 254,8(g)
\(C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342.100\%}{254,8}=6,71\%\)
\(C\%_{ddMgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120.100\%}{254,8}=4,71\%\)
Mg+2HCl=>MgCl2+H2
nH2=0.224/22.4=0.01mol=nMg
=>mMg=0.01*24=0.24(g)
=>%Mg=0.24*100%/0.56=42.86%
=>%Cu=100%-42.86%=57.14%