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a) \(A=\dfrac{\left(-2\right)^5}{\left(-2\right)^3}=\left(-2\right)^{5-3}=\left(-2\right)^2=4\)
b) \(y\ne0:B=\dfrac{\left(-y\right)^7}{\left(-y\right)^3}=\left(-y\right)^{7-3}=\left(-y\right)^4=y^4\)
c) \(x\ne0:C=\dfrac{\left(x\right)^{12}}{\left(-x\right)^{10}}=\left(x\right)^{12-10}=\left(x\right)^2=x^4\)
d) \(x\ne0:D=\dfrac{2x^6}{\left(2x\right)^3}=\dfrac{2x^6}{8x^3}=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x\right)^{6-3}=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x\right)^3\)
e) \(x\ne0:E=\dfrac{\left(-3x\right)^5}{\left(-3x\right)^2}=\left(-3x\right)^{5-2}=\left(-3x\right)^3=-27x^3\)
f) \(x,y\ne0:F=\dfrac{\left(xy^2\right)^4}{\left(xy^2\right)^2}=\left(xy^2\right)^{4-2}=\left(xy^2\right)^2=x^2y^4\)
i) \(x\ne-2:I=\dfrac{\left(x+2\right)^9}{\left(x+2\right)^6}=\left(x+2\right)^{9-6}=\left(x+2\right)^3\)
Bài 1:
a) \(\dfrac{15xy}{10x^2y}\)
= \(\dfrac{3.5xy}{2.5xyx}\)
= \(\dfrac{3}{2x}\)
d) \(\dfrac{6x\left(x+5\right)^3}{2x^2\left(x+5\right)}\)
= \(\dfrac{3.2x\left(x+5\right)\left(x+5\right)^2}{x.2x\left(x+5\right)}\)
= \(\dfrac{3\left(x+5\right)^2}{x}\)
\(f\left(x\right)\) chia \(x+1\) dư 4 \(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=\left(x+1\right).P\left(x\right)+4\)
\(f\left(-1\right)=\left(-1+1\right)P\left(x\right)+4=4\)
Do \(\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)\) là đa thức bậc 3 \(\Rightarrow\) phần dư của phép chia \(f\left(x\right)\) cho \(\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)\) là bậc 2 có dạng \(ax^2+bx+c\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+1\right).Q\left(x\right)+ax^2+bx+c\)(1)
\(f\left(-1\right)=a-b+c=4\) (2)
Biến đổi biểu thức (1):
\(f\left(x\right)=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+1\right).Q\left(x\right)+a\left(x^2+1\right)+bx+c-a\)
\(f\left(x\right)=\left(x^2+1\right)\left[\left(x+1\right).Q\left(x\right)+a\right]+bx+c-a\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)\) chia \(x^2+1\) dư \(bx+c-a\)
\(\Rightarrow bx+c-a=2x+3\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=2\\c-a=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Kết hợp (2) ta được: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=2\\c-a=3\\a-b+c=4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{3}{2}\\b=2\\c=\dfrac{9}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy phần dư cần tìm là \(\dfrac{3}{2}x^2+2x+\dfrac{9}{2}\)
Theo Bơdu, ta có:
\(f\left(x\right):\left(x+1\right)\) dư 4
\(\Rightarrow f\left(-1\right)=4\)
Vì đa thức chia \(\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)\) có bậc 3 nên đa thức dư có bậc \(\le2\). Đặt đa thức dư có dạng \(ax^2+bx+c\)
Gọi \(P\left(x\right)\) là đa thức thương. Ta có:
\(f\left(x\right)=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)P\left(x\right)+ax^2+bx+c\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)P\left(x\right)+ax^2+a-a+bx+c\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)P\left(x\right)+a\left(x^2+1\right)+bx+c-a\)
\(=\left(x^2+1\right)\left[P\left(x\right).\left(x+1\right)+a\right]+bx-a+c\)
Vì \(f\left(x\right):\left(x^2+1\right)\)dư \(2x+3\)
\(\Rightarrow bx+c-a=2x+3\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=2\\c-a=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Lại có: \(f\left(-1\right)=ax^2+bx+c=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-b+c=4\Leftrightarrow a+c-2=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+c=6\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{3}{2}\\b=\dfrac{9}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy đa thức dư là \(\dfrac{3}{2}x^2+2x+\dfrac{9}{2}\)
1: =>2x-5=4 hoặc 2x-5=-4
=>2x=9 hoặc 2x=1
=>x=9/2hoặc x=1/2
2: \(\Leftrightarrow\left|2x+1\right|=\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{7}{8}=\dfrac{-1}{8}\)(vô lý)
3: \(\Leftrightarrow\left|5x-3\right|=x+5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x>=-5\\\left(5x-3-x-5\right)\left(5x-3+x+5\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x>=-5\\\left(4x-8\right)\left(6x+2\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{2;-\dfrac{1}{3}\right\}\)
\(1.\)
\(a.\)
\(\dfrac{8}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}+\dfrac{2}{x^2+3}+\dfrac{1}{x+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{8}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}+\dfrac{2\left(x^2-1\right)}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}+\dfrac{1\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+3\right)}{\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2+3\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{8}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}+\dfrac{2x^2-2}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}+\dfrac{x^3-x^2+3x-3}{\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2+3\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{8+2x^2-2+x^3-x^2+3x-3}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^3+x^2+3x+3}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2\left(x+1\right)+3\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}\)
\(=x-1\)
\(b.\)
\(\dfrac{x+y}{2\left(x-y\right)}-\dfrac{x-y}{2\left(x+y\right)}+\dfrac{2y^2}{x^2-y^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{x+y}{2\left(x-y\right)}-\dfrac{x-y}{2\left(x+y\right)}+\dfrac{2y^2}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}-\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}+\dfrac{4y^2}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2+2xy+y^2}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}-\dfrac{x^2-2xy+y^2}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}+\dfrac{4y^2}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2+2xy+y^2-x^2+2xy-y^2+4y^2}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{4xy+4y^2}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{4y\left(x+y\right)}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2y}{\left(x-y\right)}\)
Tương tự các câu còn lại
Chia đa thức cho đơn thức
\(4\left(\dfrac{3}{4}x-1\right)+\left(12x^2-3x\right):\left(-3x\right)-\left(2x+1\right)\)
=\(\left(3x-4\right)+\left(12x^2-3x\right):\left(-3x\right)-\left(2x+1\right)\)
= \(\left(3x-4+12x^2-3x\right):\left(-3x-2x-1\right)\)
\(=\left(-4+12x^2\right):\left(-5x-1\right)\)
=\(\dfrac{-4+12x^2}{1}.\dfrac{-1}{5x-1}\)
=\(\dfrac{-4+12x^2}{5x}=\dfrac{-4+12x}{5}\)