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Câu 1:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2.91362}{22.4}=0.13mol\)
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
a a a a
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
2b 3b b 3b
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+54b=2.58\\a+3b=0.13\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.04\\b=0.03\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Mg}=0.04\times24=0.96g\)
\(m_{Al}=0.03\times2\times27=1.62g\)
\(V_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.04+3\times0.03}{0.5}=0.26l\)
Câu 2:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3.136}{22.4}=0.14mol\)
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
a a a a
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
b b b b
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+56b=4.96\\a+b=0.14\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.09\\b=0.05\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Mg}=0.09\times24=2.16g\)
\(m_{Fe}=0.05\times56=2.8g\)
\(C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.14\times98\times100}{200}=6.86\%\)
Câu 3:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1.568}{22.4}=0.07mol\)
\(Ba+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+H_2\)
a a a a
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
b b b b
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}137a+24b=3.94\\a+b=0.07\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.02\\b=0.05\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Ba}=0.02\times137=2.74g\)
\(m_{Mg}=0.05\times24=1.2g\)
\(CM_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.07}{0.1}=0.7M\)
\(a.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(a,b>0\right)\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=5,1\\1,5a+b=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27.0,1}{5,1}.100\approx52,941\%\\\%m_{Mg}\approx47,059\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(b.m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,25.98.100}{9,8}=250\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddsau}=m_{Al,Mg}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=5,1+250-0,25.2=254,6\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342}{254,6}.100\approx6,716\%\\ C\%_{ddMgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120}{254,6}.100\approx4,713\%\)
\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{22,4}{22,4}=1\left(mol\right)\)
a) Pt : \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2|\)
2 3 1 3
a 0,6 1,5a
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2|\)
1 1 1 1
b 0,4 1b
b) Gọi a là số mol của Al
b là số mol của Mg
\(m_{Al}+m_{Mg}=20,4\left(g\right)\)
⇒ \(n_{Al}.M_{Al}+n_{Mg}.M_{Mg}=20,4g\)
⇒ 27a + 24b = 20,4g (1)
The phương trình : 1,5a + 1b = 1(2)
Từ(1),(2), ta có hệ phương trình :
27a + 24b = 20,4g
1,5a + 1b = 1
⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,4\\b=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Al}=0,4.27=10,8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Mg}=0,4.24=9,6\left(g\right)\)
c) \(n_{H2SO4\left(tổng\right)}=0,6+0,4=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{ddH2SO4}=\dfrac{1}{0,2}=5\left(l\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
PTHH: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
2a______3a__________a_______3a (mol)
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
b_______b________b______b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27\cdot2a+24b=7,8\\3a+b=\dfrac{200\cdot19,6\%}{98}=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,1\cdot24=2,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=5,4\left(g\right)\\n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{MgSO_4}\\n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=0,4\cdot2=0,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{KL}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=207\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot342}{207}\cdot100\%\approx16,52\%\\C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot120}{207}\cdot100\%\approx5,8\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Gọi nMg = x
nAl = y (mol)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+27y=5,1\\x+1,5y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow x=0,1;y=0,1\)
\(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1.24}{5,1}.100\%\approx47,06\%\)
\(\%m_{Al}=100\%-47,06\%=52,94\%\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(0,1+0,15\right).98.100}{10}=245\left(g\right)\)
*Sửa đề: "13,44 lít H2" và "24,9 gam hh 2 kim loại"
PTHH: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
a_____3a_____________\(\dfrac{3}{2}\)a (mol)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
b_____2b_____________b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+65b=24,9\\\dfrac{3}{2}a+b=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=1,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,2\cdot27=5,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Zn}=19,5\left(g\right)\\m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{1,2\cdot36,5}{7,3\%}=600\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2SO_{ }4}=0,25\cdot3=0,75mol\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
a 1,5a 0,5a 1,5a
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
b b b b
a)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=15,3\\1,5a+b=0,75\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,3mol\\b=0,3mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Al}=0,3\cdot27=8,1g\)
\(m_{Mg}=0,3\cdot24=7,2g\)
b)\(n_{H_2}=1,5a+b=1,5\cdot0,3+0,3=0,75mol\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,75\cdot22,4=16,8l\)
c)\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,5\cdot0,3\cdot342=51,3g\)
\(m_{MgSO_4}=0,3\cdot120=36g\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,25.3=0,75\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\\n_{Mg}=y\end{matrix}\right.\) ( mol )
\(\rightarrow m_{hh}=27x+24y=15,3\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
x 1,5x 0,5x 1,5x ( mol )
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
y y y y ( mol )
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=1,5x+y=0,75\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right);\left(2\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,3\\y=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,3.27=8,1\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=15,3-8,1=7,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(V_{H_2}=\left(1,5.0,3+0,3\right).22,4=16,8\left(l\right)\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\left(0,5.0,3\right).342=51,3\left(g\right)\\m_{MgSO_4}=0,3.120=36\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)