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\(a)n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{240}{1,12}:1000\cdot1=\dfrac{3}{14}mol\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{122.20}{100}:98=\dfrac{61}{245}mol\\ BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+2HCl\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{3:14}{1}< \dfrac{61:245}{1}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4.dư\\ n_{BaSO_4}=n_{BaCl_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{3}{14}mol\\ m_{kt}=m_{BaSO_4}=\dfrac{3}{14}\cdot233=50g\\ c)C_{\%H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{\left(61:245-3:14\right)98}{240+122-50}\cdot100=1,2\%\)
Bài 10:
PTHH: \(Na_2CO_3+BaCl_2\rightarrow2NaCl+BaCO_3\downarrow\)
a) Ta có: \(n_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{200\cdot10,6\%}{106}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{BaCO_3}\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{BaCO_3}=0,2\cdot197=39,4\left(g\right)\)
b) Theo PTHH: \(n_{BaCl_2}=n_{BaCO_3}=0,2mol\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot208}{120}\cdot100\%\approx34,67\%\)
c) Theo PTHH: \(n_{NaCl}=2n_{BaCl_2}=0,4mol\) \(\Rightarrow m_{NaCl}=0,4\cdot58,5=23,4\left(g\right)\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{ddNa_2CO_3}+m_{ddBaCl_2}-m_{BaCO_3}=280,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{23,4}{280,6}\cdot100\%\approx8,34\%\)
a) mNaOH= 200.20%= 40(g)
=>nNaOH=1(mol)
PTHH: 2 NaOH + CuCl2 -> 2 NaCl + Cu(OH)2
Dung dịch sau khi lọc kết tủa có NaCl.
nNaCl=nNaOH= 1(mol)
nCuCl2=nCu(OH)2=nNaOH/2=1/2=0,5(mol)
mNaCl=1.58,5=58,5(g)
mCuCl2=0,5.135=67,5(g)
=> mddCuCl2=(67,5.100)/10=675(g)
mCu(OH)2=0,5.98=49(g)
=>mddNaCl=mddNaOH+ mddCuCl2 - mCu(OH)2= 200+675 - 98=777(g)
=> \(C\%ddNaCl=\dfrac{58,5}{777}.100\approx7,529\%\)
b) PTHH: Cu(OH)2 -to-> CuO + H2O
0,5__________________0,5(mol)
m(rắn)=mCuO=0,5.80=4(g)
\(n_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{71.20}{100.142}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{100.10,4}{100.208}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Na_2SO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+2NaCl\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,05}{1}\) => BaCl2 hết, Na2SO4 dư
PTHH: \(Na_2SO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+2NaCl\)
0,05<--------0,05---->0,05------->0,1
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Na_2SO_4}=\left(0,1-0,05\right).142=7,1\left(g\right)\\m_{NaCl}=0,1.58,5=5,85\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
mdd sau pư = 71 + 100 - 0,05.233 = 159,35(g)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%\left(Na_2SO_4\right)=\dfrac{7,1}{159,35}.100\%=4,456\%\\C\%\left(NaCl\right)=\dfrac{5,85}{159,35}.100\%=3,67\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a. PTHH: 3NaOH + AlCl3 ---> Al(OH)3↓ + 3NaCl (1)
Ta có: \(C_{\%_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{m_{NaOH}}{100}.100\%=12\%\)
=> mNaOH = 12(g)
=> \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{12}{40}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Ta lại có: \(C_{\%_{AlCl_3}}=\dfrac{m_{AlCl_3}}{200}.100\%=13,35\%\)
=> \(m_{AlCl_3}=26,7\left(g\right)\)
=> \(n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{26,7}{133,5}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Ta thấy: \(\dfrac{0,3}{3}< \dfrac{0,2}{1}\)
Vậy AlCl3 dư
Theo PT(1): \(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}.n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{1}{3}.0,3=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=0,1.78=7,8\left(g\right)\)
b. Ta có: \(m_{dd_{NaCl}}=12+200-7,8=204,2\left(g\right)\)
Theo PT(1): \(n_{NaCl}=n_{NaOH}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{NaCl}=0,3.58,5=17,55\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C_{\%_{NaCl}}=\dfrac{17,55}{204,2}.100\%=8,59\%\)
c. PTHH: 2Al(OH)3 ---to---> Al2O3 + 3H2O (2)
Theo PT(2): \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{Al_2O_3}=0,05.102=5,1\left(g\right)\)
a, \(2NaOH+CuSO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+Cu\left(OH\right)_2\)
\(Cu\left(OH\right)_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CuO+H_2O\)
b, \(m_{CuSO_4}=250.16\%=40\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{40}{160}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CuO}=n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{CuSO_4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a=m_{CuO}=0,25.80=20\left(g\right)\)
c, Ta có: m dd sau pư = m dd NaOH + m dd CuSO4 - mCu(OH)2 = 200 + 250 - 0,25.98 = 425,5 (g)
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{200.10\%}{40}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:CuCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Cu\left(OH\right)_2\)
bđ: 0,3 0,5
pứ: 0,25 0,5 0,5 0,25
[ ]: 0,05 0 0,5 0,25
\(PTHH:Cu\left(OH\right)_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CuO+H_2O\)
(mol) 0,25 0,25
\(a.m_C=80.0,25=20\left(g\right)\)
\(b.m_{NaCl}=58,5.0,5=29,25\left(g\right)\\ m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,25.98=24,5\left(g\right)\\ m_{CuCl_2\left(du\right)}=135.0,05=6,75\left(g\right)\)
\(c.m_{ddspu}=100+200-24,5=275,5\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddCuCl_2\left(du\right)}=\dfrac{135.0,05}{275,5}.100=2,45\left(\%\right)\\ C\%_{ddNaCl}=\dfrac{0,5.58,5}{275,25}.100=10,62\left(\%\right)\)
\(n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{150.16,64\%}{137+35.2}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.14,7\%}{98}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Phương trình hóa học :
BaCl2 + H2SO4 -----> BaSO4 + 2HCl
Dễ thấy \(\dfrac{n_{BaCl_2}}{1}< \dfrac{n_{H_2SO_4}}{1}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4\text{ dư }0,15-0,12=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
c) Khối lượng kết tủa :
\(m_{BaSO_4}=0,12.233=27,96\) (g)
Khối lượng chất tan : \(m_{HCl}=0,24.36,5=8,76\left(g\right)\) ;
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(\text{dư}\right)}=0,03.98=2,94\left(g\right)\)
c) \(C\%_{H_2SO_4}\)= \(\dfrac{2,94}{150+100}.100\%=1,176\%\)
\(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{8,76}{150+100}.100\%=3.504\%\)
d) NaOH + HCl ---> NaCl + H2O
0,24 <-- 0,24
mol mol
2NaOH + H2SO4 ---> Na2SO4 + 2H2O
0,06 mol <-- 0,03 mol
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=0,24+0,06=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{NaOH}=0,3.2=0,6\left(l\right)\)
a, PT: \(BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow2HCl+BaSO_{4\downarrow}\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{312.20\%}{208}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{196.10\%}{98}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,3}{1}>\dfrac{0,2}{1}\), ta được BaCl2 dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{BaSO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{BaSO_4}=0,2.233=46,6\left(g\right)\)
c, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{BaCl_2\left(pư\right)}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2SO_4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ nBaCl2( dư) = 0,1 (mol)
Ta có: m dd sau pư = 312 + 196 - 46,6 = 461,4 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{BaCl_2\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,1.208}{461,4}.100\%\approx4,51\%\\C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5}{461,4}.100\%\approx3,16\%\end{matrix}\right.\)