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Ta thấy \(8x^3+27y^3\)
\(=\left(2x\right)^3+\left(3y\right)^3\)
\(=\left(2x+3y\right)\left(4x^2-6xy+9y^2\right)\)
\(=4x^2-6xy+9y^2\)
Thế thì \(A=6x^2-6xy+18y^2+5\)
Rồi lại thay \(x=\dfrac{1-3y}{2}\) vào A thôi.
\(M=8x^3+27y^3+4x^2+9y^2+5\)
\(=\left(2x+3y\right)\left(4x^2-6xy+9y^2\right)+4x^2+9y^2+5\)
\(=\left(2x+3y\right)\left(4x^2-6xy+9y^2\right)+4x^2+9y^2+5\)
\(=4x^2-6xy+9y^2+4x^2+9y^2+5\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM có:
\(1\ge2.\sqrt{6xy}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy\le\frac{1}{24}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> 2x=3y <=> x=0,25 y=1/6
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-schwarz ta có:
\(M\ge\frac{2.\left(2x+3y\right)^2}{2}-6xy+5\ge\frac{2}{2}-\frac{6.1}{24}+5=6.25\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> 2x=3y <=> x=0,25 y=1/6
KL:.....................................................................
a) (4x2 – 9y2) : (2x – 3y) = [(2x)2 – (3y)2] : (2x – 3y) = 2x + 3y;
b) (27x3 – 1) : (3x – 1) = [(3x)3 – 1] : (3x – 1) = (3x)2 + 3x + 1 = 9x2 + 3x + 1
c) (8x3 + 1) : (4x2 – 2x + 1) = [(2x)3 + 1] : (4x2 – 2x + 1)
= (2x + 1)[(2x)2 – 2x + 1] : (4x2 – 2x + 1)
= (2x + 1)(4x2 – 2x + 1) : (4x2 – 2x + 1) = 2x + 1
d) (x2 – 3x + xy -3y) : (x + y)
= [(x2 + xy) – (3x + 3y)] : (x + y)
= [x(x + y) – 3(x + y)] : (x + y)
= (x + y)(x – 3) : (x + y)
= x – 3.
Tính nhanh:
a) (4x2 – 9y2) : (2x – 3y); b) (27x3 – 1) : (3x – 1);
c) (8x3 + 1) : (4x2 – 2x + 1); d) (x2 – 3x + xy -3y) : (x + y)
Bài giải:
a) (4x2 – 9y2) : (2x – 3y) = [(2x)2 – (3y)2] : (2x – 3y) = 2x + 3y;
b) (27x3 – 1) : (3x – 1) = [(3x)3 – 1] : (3x – 1) = (3x)2 + 3x + 1 = 9x2 + 3x + 1
c) (8x3 + 1) : (4x2 – 2x + 1) = [(2x)3 + 1] : (4x2 – 2x + 1)
= (2x + 1)[(2x)2 – 2x + 1] : (4x2 – 2x + 1)
= (2x + 1)(4x2 – 2x + 1) : (4x2 – 2x + 1) = 2x + 1
d) (x2 – 3x + xy -3y) : (x + y)
= [(x2 + xy) – (3x + 3y)] : (x + y)
= [x(x + y) – 3(x + y)] : (x + y)
= (x + y)(x – 3) : (x + y)
= x – 3.
1) Phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử
a) \(x^2+2x+1-y^2\)
b) \(x^2+4x+3\)
c) \(4x^2-9y^2\)
d) \(x^3-27y^3\)
a) \(x^2+2x+1-y^2=\left(x+1\right)^2-y^2=\left(x+1-y\right)\left(x+1+y\right)\)
b) \(x^2+4x+3=x^2+4x+4-1=\left(x+2\right)^2-1=\left(x+1\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
c) \(4x^2-9y^2=\left(4x-9y\right)\left(4x+9y\right)\)
d) \(x^3-27y^3=\left(x-3y\right)\left(x^2+3xy+9y^2\right)\)
a)\(x^2+2x+1-y^2=\left(x+1\right)^2-y^2=\left(x+y-1\right)\left(x-y+1\right)\)
b)\(x^2+4x+3=\left(x+1\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
c)\(4x^2-9y^2=\left(2x-3y\right)\left(2x+3y\right)\)
d)\(x^3-27y^3=\left(x-3y\right)\left(x^2+3xy+9y^2\right)\)
\(4B=4x^2+4xy+4y^2-8x-12y+8076\)
= \(\left(2y\right)^2-4y\left(3-x\right)+\left(3-x\right)^2-\left(3-x\right)^2\)
\(+\left(2x\right)^2-8x+8076\)
= \(\left(2y-3+x\right)^2+3x^2-2x+8076\)
đến đây thì dễ rồi
\(Q=\left(x-3\right)\left(4x+5\right)+2019\)
\(=4x^2-7x-15+2019\)
\(=4x^2-7x+2004\)
\(=\left(2x-\frac{7}{4}\right)^2+\frac{32015}{16}\ge\frac{32015}{16}\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra<=>\(\left(2x-\frac{7}{4}\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow2x=\frac{7}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{7}{8}\)