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| Rule (Quy tắc) | Direct speech (Trực tiếp) | Reported speech (Gián tiếp) |
|
1. Tenses (Thì) |
Present simple (V/Vs/es) Hiện tại đơn |
Past simple (Ved) Quá khứ đơn |
| Present progressive (is/am/are+Ving) Hiện tại tiếp diễn |
Past progressive (was/were+Ving) Quá khứ tiếp diễn |
|
| Present perfect (have/has+VpII) Hiện tại hoàn thành |
Past perfect (had+VPII) Quá khứ hoàn thành |
|
| Past simple (Ved) Quá khứ đơn |
Past perfect (had +VpII) Quá khứ hoàn thành |
|
| Past progressive (was/were +Ving) Quá khứ tiếp diễn |
Past progressive/ Past perfect progressive (had +been +Ving) Quá khứ tiếp diễn / Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn |
|
| Past perfect Quá khứ hoàn thành |
Past perfect Quá khứ hoàn thành |
|
| Future simple (will +V) Tương lai đơn |
Future in the past (would +V) Tương lai trong quá khứ |
|
| Near future (is/am/are +going to+V) Tương lai gần |
Was/were +going to +V |
|
| 2. Modal verbs (Động từ khuyết thiếu) |
Can May Must |
Could Might Must/Had to |
| 3. Adverb of place (Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn) |
This That |
That That |
| These | Those | |
| Here | There | |
| 4. Adverb of time (Trạng từ chỉ thời gian) |
Now | Then |
| Today | That day | |
| Yesterday | The day before/ the previous day | |
| The day before yesterday | Two days before | |
| Tomorrow | The day after/the next (following) day | |
| The day after tomorrow | Two days after/ in two days’ time | |
| Ago | Before | |
| This week | That week | |
| Last week | The week before/ the previous week | |
| Last night | The night before | |
| Next week | The week after/ the following week | |
| 5.Subject/Object (Chủ ngữ/tân ngữ) |
I / me | She, he /Her, him |
| We /our | They/ them | |
| You/you |
I, we/ me, us
|
Ex : - Rice is grown in tropical countries by people .
- The picture is being painted by them now .
- I was given a picture by my mother .
Có lẽ bạn muốn biết về một trường hợp trong tiếng Việt khi cấu trúc câu không cần động từ mà vẫn truyền đạt ý nghĩa đầy đủ.
Câu "HTHT + KhĐ + trạng ngữ" trong trường hợp không cần động từ có thể là: "Hôm nay thời tiết trở lạnh." Trong câu này, không có động từ nhưng thông điệp về thời tiết vẫn được truyền đạt rõ ràng.
Bạn tham khảo bài của cô Thu Hồng nhé!
Causative active: S + get / ask / request / want + S.O + to do sth
S + get / ask / request / want + S.Ochỉ người + to Vinf+O chỉ vật
<=> S + get / ask / request / want O chỉ vật + to be V3/ed+by O chỉ người
2. Causative passive: S+have+O chỉ người+Vinf+O chỉ vật
<=> S + have + O chỉ vật + V3/ed +by O chỉ người
Someone is going to repair my TV set tomorrow.
I am going to have ………my TV set repaired tomorrow…………………………..
They had the porter carry their luggage to a taxi.
They had their luggage ……carried to a taxi by the porter……………………………
They had an electrician rewire their house last month.
They had their house ……rewired by an electrician last month.…………………………….
more/books/Hoa/I/have/than
-> Hoa have more books than I.
(Cấu trúc : so sánh hơn, ví dụ + công thức xem trên mạng)
work/Hoa/fewer/than/hours/I
-> I work fewer hours than Hoa.
(Cấu trúc : so sánh hơn, ví dụ + công thức xem trên mạng)
Lan/less/than/I/money/have
-> I have less money than Lan.
(Cấu trúc : so sánh hơn, ví dụ + công thức xem trên mạng)
1...I went to a concert was over a year ago.
2...haven't really enjoyed myself since your birthday party.
3....hasn't seen his brother for nearly 20 years.
4....been in Scotland since last Friday.
......gone to Scotland since last Friday.
5........ since you rode a bike?
6.........been swimming since I was in France./
...........gone swimming since I was in France.
7....weeks since you tided up this room.
8.... Been in touch with her for three weeks.
9....visited France in 1990.
10...three weeks since it rained.
11....time I have eaten this kind of food.
B. 12....you had passed/ hadn't failed your driving test.
13....you weren't going away so soon.
14.....I had phoned him yesterday.
C. 15.....as much about it as she does.
16....cook as well as Jane.
17.....as old as he looks.
18....spent more money than I did.
19....them better than he does.
20....as cold today as it was yesterday.
D. 21...rough for the children to go swimming.
22....had had enough money, we could have gone on a holiday.
23......had had a map, we couldn't have got lost.
24...such a low bridge that the bus couldn't go under it.
25.... late for anything to be done./
.....late to do anything.
26....was too expensive for him./
......cost more than he could afford.
27....a dirty restaurant that noone wants to eat there.
28....was so difficult that the pupils couldn't do it.
29....be late if you don't phone now.
E. 30.....better put your money in a bank.
31....that you should have a meeting./
.......that you should meet to discuss the price./
.......meeting to discuss the price.
32........you delivered the package on Monday
Question 16: A. 'different B. a'chievement C. 'educate D. 'primaryQuestion 17: A. 'sorrow B. 'schooling C. 'passion D. sub'tractQuestion 18: A. 'certainty B. ac'tivity C.' organize D.complimentQuestion 19: A. 'publish B. re'place C. in'volve D. es'capeQuestion 20: A. po'lice B. 'system C. 'woman D.'novelQuestion 21: A. at'tract B. a'maze C. 'offer D. re'quireQuestion 22: A. 'delicate B. pro'motion C. vol'canic D. re'sourcesQuestion 23: A.' figure B. 'honest C. po'lite D. 'happyQuestion 24: A. en'gage B. im'port C. con'serve D. 'maintainQuestion 25: A. o'riginal B. res'ponsible C. 'reasonable D. com'parisonQuestion 26: A.' person B. ho'tel C. 'signal D.' instanceQuestion 27: A. si'tuation B. ap'propriate C. infor'mality D. enter'tainment Question 28: A. 'different B. bam'boo C. 'rainfall D. 'wildlife Question 29: A. go'rilla B. 'interesting C. 'September D.'opponent Question 30: A. pro'mote B. pre'cede C. 'picture D. po'llute
1, Ex : - I play football .
- I will go to the museum tomorrow .
- I play soccer in the afternoon .
2, Ex : - I was at home yesterday
- She has drawn a picture for two months
- I have seen her for 2 weeks
3, Ex : - I need some water
- The roof need fixing
- The flower need cutting
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