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a) $CaCO_3 + 2HCl \to CaCl_2 + CO_2 + H_2O$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{CO_2} = n_{CaCO_3} = \dfrac{10}{100} = 0,1(mol)$
$V_{CO_2} = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24(lít)$
b) $n_{HCl} = 2n_{CaCO_3} = 0,2(mol)$
$C_{M_{HCl}} = \dfrac{0,2}{0,25} = 0,8M$
c) $CO_2 + Ca(OH)_2 \to CaCO_3 + H_2O$
$n_{CaCO_3} = n_{CO_2} = 0,1(mol)$
$m_{CaCO_3} = 0,1.100 = 10(gam)$
\(a)n_{K_2CO_3}=\dfrac{2,76}{138}=0,02mol\\ K_2CO_3+2CH_3COOH\rightarrow2CH_3COOK+CO_2+H_2O\)
0,02 0,04 0,04 0,02 0,02
\(V_{ddCH_3COOH}=\dfrac{0,04}{0,2}=0,2l\\ b)n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=2.0,0075=0,015mol\\ T=\dfrac{0,015}{0,02}=0,75\\ \Rightarrow0,5< T< 1\)
Tạo 2 muối
\(n_{CaCO_3}=a;n_{Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=b\\ Ca\left(OH\right)_2+CO_2\rightarrow CaCO_3+H_2O\)
a a a a
\(Ca\left(OH\right)_2+2CO_2\rightarrow Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2\)
b 2b b
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0,015\\a+2b=0,02\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow a=0,01;b=0,005\\ m_{CaCO_3}=0,01.100=1g\)
\(a,PTHH:Na_2CO_3+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\\ b,n_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{10,6}{106}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Na_2SO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,1\cdot142=14,2\left(g\right)\\ c,n_{CO_2}=n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{CO_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,1\cdot22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
\(d,n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0,5\cdot0,3=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:CO_2+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow CaCO_3\downarrow+H_2O\)
Vì \(\dfrac{n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}}{1}>\dfrac{n_{CO_2}}{1}\) nên Ca(OH)2 dư, tính theo CO2
\(\Rightarrow n_{CaCO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CaCO_3}=0,1\cdot100\cdot80\%=8\left(g\right)\)
`n_[Na_2 CO_3]=[2,76]/106=0,03(mol)`
`Na_2 CO_3 +2CH_3 COOH->2CH_3 COONa+H_2 O+CO_2\uparrow`
`0,03` `0,06` `0,03` `(mol)`
`CO_2 +Ca(OH)_2 ->CaCO_3 \downarrow+H_2 O`
`0,03` `0,03`
`a)CH_3 COONa` là muối natri axetat.
`V_[dd CH_3 COOH]=[0,06]/[0,2]=0,3(l)`
`b)m_[CaCO_3]=0,03.100=3(g)`
a, CH3COONa: Natri axetat
PT: \(Na_2CO_3+2CH_3COOH\rightarrow2CH_3COONa+CO_2+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{2,76}{106}=0,026\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CH_3COOH}=2n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,052\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{0,052}{0,2}=0,26\left(l\right)\)
b, \(CO_2+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow CaCO_{3\downarrow}+H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CaCO_3}=n_{CO_2}=n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,026\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CaCO_3}=0,026.100=2,6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{9,75}{65}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
a, \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,15\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,15.24,79=3,7185\left(l\right)\)
b, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Zn}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,3.36,5}{25\%}=43,8\left(g\right)\)
c, \(Ba\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow BaCl_2+2H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{0,15}{2,5}=0,06\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
a, \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,2.24,79=4,958\left(l\right)\)
b, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5}{20\%}==73\left(g\right)\)
c, \(Ba\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow BaCl_2+2H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{0,2}{2,5}=0,08\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{3,6}{24}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
a, \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}=0,15\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,15.24,79=3,7185\left(l\right)\)
b, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,3.36,5}{25\%}=43,8\left(g\right)\)
c, PT: \(Ba\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow BaCl_2+2H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{0,15}{2,5}=0,06\left(l\right)\)
a) \(n_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{10,6}{106}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Na2CO3 + 2CH3COOH --> 2CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O
0,1---------->0,2-------------------------->0,1
=> VCO2 = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24 (l)
b) \(V_{dd.CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,5}=0,4\left(l\right)\)
c) \(n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=1.0,075=0,075\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Ca(OH)2 + CO2 --> CaCO3 + H2O
0,075-->0,075----->0,075
CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O --> Ca(HCO3)2
0,025<--0,025
=> \(m_{CaCO_3}=\left(0,075-0,025\right).100=5\left(g\right)\)