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a) \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bk\\c=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{b}=\dfrac{bk+b}{b}=\dfrac{b\left(k+1\right)}{b}=k+1\) và \(\dfrac{c+d}{d}=\dfrac{dk+d}{d}=\dfrac{d\left(k+1\right)}{d}=k+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{b}=\dfrac{c+d}{d}\)
b) \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bk\\c=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a-b}{b}=\dfrac{b\left(k-1\right)}{b}=k-1\\\dfrac{c-d}{d}=\dfrac{d\left(k-1\right)}{d}=k-1\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{b}=\dfrac{c-d}{d}\)
c) \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{a}=\dfrac{c+d}{c}\)
d) \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{a}=\dfrac{c-d}{c}\)
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=>\dfrac{a}{b}+1=\dfrac{c}{d}+1=>\dfrac{a+b}{b}=\dfrac{c+d}{d}\)
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=>\dfrac{a}{b}-1=\dfrac{c}{d}-1=>\dfrac{a-b}{b}=\dfrac{c-d}{d}\)
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=>ad=cb=>ad+ac=cb+ac\)
\(=>a\left(c+d\right)=c\left(a+b\right)=>\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}=>\dfrac{a}{a+b}=\dfrac{c}{c+d}\)
a) Vì \(\dfrac{a}{b} = \dfrac{c}{d}\) nên \(ad = bc\)
Ta có \(\dfrac{{a + b}}{b} = \dfrac{{c + d}}{d}\)\( \Rightarrow d(a + b) = b(c + d)\)\( \Rightarrow ad + bd = bc + bd\)
\( \Rightarrow ad = bc\) (luôn đúng)
\( \Rightarrow \dfrac{{a + b}}{b} = \dfrac{{c + d}}{d}\)
b) Vì \(\dfrac{a}{b} = \dfrac{c}{d}\) nên \(ad = bc\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{{a - b}}{b} = \dfrac{{c - d}}{d}\)
\(\begin{array}{l} \Rightarrow d(a - b) = b(c - d)\\ \Leftrightarrow ad - bd = bc - bd\\ \Leftrightarrow ad = bc\end{array}\) ( luôn đúng)
Vậy \(\dfrac{{a - b}}{b} = \dfrac{{c - d}}{d}\)
c) Vì \(\dfrac{a}{b} = \dfrac{c}{d}\) nên \(ad = bc\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{{a + b}} = \dfrac{c}{{c + d}}\)
\(\begin{array}{l} \Rightarrow a(c + d) = c(a + b)\\ \Leftrightarrow ac + ad = ac + bc\\ \Leftrightarrow ad = bc\end{array}\) (luôn đúng)
Vậy \(\dfrac{a}{{a + b}} = \dfrac{c}{{c + d}}\)
Cách 1:
Ta xét tích a(c-d) và c(a-b)
Ta có: a(c-d)=ac-ad (1)
c(a-b)=ac-bc(2)
Ta lại có \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)=>ad=bc (3)
Từ (1), (2), (3) ta có a(c-d)=c(a-d). Do đó \(\dfrac{a}{a-b}=\dfrac{c}{c-d}\)
Cách 2:
Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)=k thì a=bk, c=dk.
Xét \(\dfrac{a}{a-b}=\dfrac{bk}{bk-b}=\dfrac{bk}{b\left(k-1\right)}=\dfrac{k}{k-1}\left(1\right)\)
Xét \(\dfrac{c}{c-d}=\dfrac{dk}{dk-d}=\dfrac{dk}{d\left(k-1\right)}=\dfrac{k}{k-1}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2)=> \(\dfrac{a}{a-b}=\dfrac{c}{c-d}\)
Cách 3: Ta có
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=>\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
Aps dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:
\(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=>\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\)
=>\(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}=>\dfrac{a}{a-b}=\dfrac{c}{c-d}\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b}{a}=\dfrac{d}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b}{a}-1=\dfrac{d}{c}-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b-a}{a}=\dfrac{d-c}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{a}=\dfrac{c-d}{c}\)
hay \(\dfrac{a}{a-b}=\dfrac{c}{c-d}\)(đpcm)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b} = \dfrac{c}{d}\) nên a.d = b.c
Ta suy ra được các tỉ lệ thức: \(\dfrac{a}{c} = \dfrac{b}{d};\dfrac{d}{b} = \dfrac{c}{a};\dfrac{d}{c} = \dfrac{b}{a}\)
\(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\\ \dfrac{a}{d}=\dfrac{c}{b}\)
Bài 1: Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=k\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=ck\\b=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\dfrac{a}{a+c}=\dfrac{ck}{ck+c}=\dfrac{ck}{c\left(k+1\right)}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\)
\(\dfrac{b}{b+d}=\dfrac{dk}{dk+d}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{a}{a+c}=\dfrac{b}{b+d}\)
ĐKXĐ: \(b,d\ne0,c\ne\pm d\)
Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:
\(\dfrac{a^{2k}+b^{2k}}{c^{2k}+d^{2k}}=\dfrac{a^{2k}-b^{2k}}{c^{2k}-d^{2k}}=\dfrac{a^{2k}+b^{2k}+a^{2k}-b^{2k}}{c^{2k}+d^{2k}+c^{2k}-d^{2k}}=\dfrac{2a^{2k}}{2c^{2k}}=\dfrac{a^{2k}}{c^{2k}}\left(1\right)\)
\(\dfrac{a^{2k}+b^{2k}}{c^{2k}+d^{2k}}=\dfrac{a^{2k}-b^{2k}}{c^{2k}-d^{2k}}=\dfrac{a^{2k}+b^{2k}-a^{2k}+b^{2k}}{c^{2k}+d^{2k}-c^{2k}+d^{2k}}=\dfrac{2b^{2k}}{2d^{2k}}=\dfrac{b^{2k}}{d^{2k}}\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right)\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^{2k}}{c^{2k}}=\dfrac{b^{2k}}{d^{2k}}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^{2k}}{b^{2k}}=\dfrac{c^{2k}}{d^{2k}}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\pm\dfrac{c}{d}\left(đpcm\right)\)
a) \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{b}{a}=\dfrac{d}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow1+\dfrac{b}{a}=1+\dfrac{d}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{a}=\dfrac{c+d}{c}\)
\(\RightarrowĐPCM\)
b) Tương tự